{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:46:55Z","timestamp":1791686815422,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAABRON PRESS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) have a high risk of developing other malignancies (OMs). The development of OMs may be associated with the advanced age of CLL\/SLL patients, presence of a tumor-promoting microenvironment, immune alterations inherent to CLL\/SLL, or chemotherapy. Importantly, the occurrence of OMs following frontline fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) treatment is associated with a reduction in the overall survival (OS). This retrospective study included 108 CLL\/SLL patients treated with FCR immunochemotherapy, as a first line treatment. With a median follow-up of 94.9 (6-222) months, 31% developed an OM or more, within a median of 61.8 months post-FCR initiation. The most common OMs were non-melanoma skin cancers (7%), Richter\u2019s syndrome (RS) (7%), myelodysplastic syndromes (6%), prostate cancer (4%), and acute myeloid leukemia (3%). Patients with OMs had shorter survival compared to those without (104.0 versus 149.0 months, P=0.02), with RS having the worst OS at 4.8 months (P&lt;0.0001), followed by therapy-related myeloid neoplasia (t-MN) at 14.5 months. Although the onset of OMs in patients with CLL\/SLL was observed after considerable delays, its impact on survival is significant in the immunochemotherapy era, necessitating a better understanding of these patterns to improve CLL\/SLL management and guide future treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.127828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T15:14:18Z","timestamp":1735917258000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and impact of other malignancies after immunochemotherapy by fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as frontline treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A single-center retrospective study."],"prefix":"10.46989","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Stocker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique et Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche 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