{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T08:46:20Z","timestamp":1791708380957,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAABRON PRESS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Globally, multiple myeloma (MM) ranks 24\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      among the most common cancers. The Middle East and Africa are affected by an increasing trend in MM incidence, owing to several underlying factors. This systematic review aims to assess the epidemiology, patient characteristics, and treatment outcomes associated with MM in selected countries in the Middle East and Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic search was performed in the PubMed\/MEDLINE database. Abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, and European Society for Medical Oncology and the GLOBOCAN registry were searched. Qualitative analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 412 articles were screened, and 14 were selected. The five-year prevalence per 100,000 gathered from country-wise GLOBOCAN data ranged between 155 in Kuwait and 5,625 in North Africa. The identified treatment options were proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, drugs such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, dexamethasone, melphalan, and cyclophosphamide, and newer drugs such as daratumumab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved diagnostic capability has increased the incidence of MM in this region. However, advanced drugs and treatment regimens remain unaffordable in many countries of these regions. Therefore, understanding the trends of the disease and improving healthcare settings are imperative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.92555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T12:14:14Z","timestamp":1708604054000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epidemiology, Treatment Trends, and Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma in the Middle East and Africa: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.46989","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mervat","family":"Mattar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bazarbachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","department":["Dept of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Abduljalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabi","department":["Dept of Hematology & Stem Cell Transplant"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baghdad teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq","department":["Hematology Unit and Bone Marrow Transplant Center"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tawan Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","department":["Dept of Hematology Oncology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Blunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","department":["Oncology Emerging Markets"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"26435","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: Tenth revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/jbirm-17-06","article-title":"Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk","author":"Sandeep Moola","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.3.1351","article-title":"Significance of proliferation markers and prognostic factors in Egyptian patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Iman A Abdelgawad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1513-7368","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046-020-00054-0","article-title":"The clinical impact of hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian multiple myeloma patients","volume":"32","author":"Neemat M. Kassem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2589-0409","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.04.002","article-title":"Combined submyeloablative and myeloablative dose intense melphalan results in satisfactory responses with acceptable toxicity in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"16","author":"Nicolas Novitzky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1083-8791","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"105","article-title":"My\u00e9lome multiple et autogreffe des cellules souches h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tiques sans cryoconservation: Exp\u00e9rience du Service d\u00b4H\u00e9matologie Clinique de Casablanca au Maroc [Multiple myeloma and autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation without cryopreservation: experiences of the Clinical Hematology Department of Casablanca, Morocco]","volume":"39","author":"S. Fares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref7","first-page":"51","article-title":"Exploring the clinicopathological parameters affecting the outcome in Egyptian patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Y.A. Sallam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gulf J Oncolog"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.201102.001","article-title":"Primary Bone Tumors in North of Jordan","volume":"11","author":"Khaldoon M. Bashaireh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2210-6014","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrr.2021.100252","article-title":"Lebanese real-world experience in treating multiple myeloma: A multicenter retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Fadi Nasr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia Research Reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2213-0489","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnci.2013.09.002","article-title":"A descriptive study of plasma cell dyscrasias in Egyptian population","volume":"26","author":"Neemat M. Kassem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1110-0362","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2021.198","article-title":"Outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Saudi Arabia","volume":"41","author":"Ahmed Kotb Abdrabou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0256-4947","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref12","first-page":"133","article-title":"First report on stem cell transplant from Iraq","volume":"15","author":"A.M. Hammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","first-page":"119","article-title":"Effect of bortezomib regimens and daratumumab monotherapy on cellular immunity in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"18","author":"A. Kakoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","first-page":"395","article-title":"CIP2A expression in bortezomib-treated multiple myeloma","volume":"25","author":"A.M.L. Bedewy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1849-3","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: a descriptive study of 217 Egyptian patients","volume":"93","author":"Noha M. El Husseiny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Hematology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0939-5555","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-128769","article-title":"First review of multiple myeloma patients in Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","volume":"134","author":"Mohamed Abu Haleeqa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"The Prisma 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372:n71","author":"M.J. Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: Tenth revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020.12-algeria-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. South Africa.368-iraq-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020.400-jordan-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.1957875","article-title":"Disease heterogeneity, prognostication and the role of targeted therapy in multiple myeloma","volume":"62","author":"Saurabh Zanwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1042-8194","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 414-kuwait-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 422-lebanon-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 682-saudi-arabia-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 710-south africa-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 784-united-arab-emirates-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 788-tunisia-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 818-Egypt-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 912-northern-africa-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2020. 504-morocco-fact-sheets.pdf","author":"World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1349102","article-title":"Melphalan hydrochloride for the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Fabrizio Esma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1465-6566","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061285","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: Heterogeneous in every way","volume":"13","author":"Ana\u00efs Schavgoulidze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2072-6694","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-110503","article-title":"Multiple myeloma therapy in Tawam Hospital. First report from United Arab Emirates (UAE)","volume":"132","author":"Arif Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404442","article-title":"Bortezomib appears to overcome the poor prognosis conferred by chromosome 13 deletion in phase 2 and 3 trials","volume":"21","author":"S Jagannath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0887-6924","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s43162-021-00088-3","article-title":"Are African primary physicians suspicious enough? Challenges of multiple myeloma diagnosis in Africa","volume":"33","author":"Erick Thokerunga","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1110-7782","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1406","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0141","article-title":"Multiple myeloma incidence and mortality around the globe; interrelations between health access and quality, economic resources, and patient empowerment","volume":"25","author":"Heinz Ludwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1083-7159","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Cancer country profile Iraq 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health organization"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Cancer country profile Kuwait 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health organization"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Cancer country profile UAE 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health organization"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"5385","article-title":"Epidemiological data from the Algerian multiple myeloma registry (AMMR) over 2 Years (June 2014\u2013June 2016): Report of the Algerian multiple myeloma study group (GETMA)","volume":"130","author":"M. Saidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v124.21.5995.5995","article-title":"Retrospective Observational Study on Multiple Myeloma Cases Admitted to Kfsh \u2013 Dammam Between 1st of June 2006 till the End of December 2013","volume":"124","author":"Omar Zeid Abduljalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022031","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2022.031","article-title":"Real world multiple myeloma registry from Jordan, a developing country","volume":"14","author":"Abdalla Awidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2035-3006","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08280-y","article-title":"Measuring the global, regional, and national burden of multiple myeloma from 1990 to 2019","volume":"21","author":"Linghui Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1471-2407","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"With 28.7% CAGR, Middle East and Africa CAR-T Cell Therapy Treatment Market Size Worth USD 48.42 Million by 2028","author":"Einpresswire","year":"2022","journal-title":"India"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"First generic Revlimid (lenalidomide) launched","journal-title":"International Myeloma Foundation"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2016.11.004","article-title":"Multiple myeloma epidemiology and survival: A unique malignancy","volume":"43","author":"Dickran Kazandjian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7754","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.08.018","article-title":"The global state of hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: An analysis of the Worldwide Network of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Database and the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"26","author":"Andrew J. Cowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1083-8791","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0284-7","article-title":"Dissecting racial disparities in multiple myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Catherine R. Marinac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2044-5385","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s44228-022-00017-3","article-title":"Management of multiple myeloma in the Middle East: Unmet needs, challenges and perspective","volume":"4","author":"Ahmad Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Hematology International","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2590-0048","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in Africa: Review of an under-diagnosed carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"M.S. Shehu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Biology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Hematology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chi.scholasticahq.com\/article\/92555-epidemiology-treatment-trends-and-outcomes-of-multiple-myeloma-in-the-middle-east-and-africa-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T07:50:39Z","timestamp":1791705039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chi.scholasticahq.com\/article\/92555-epidemiology-treatment-trends-and-outcomes-of-multiple-myeloma-in-the-middle-east-and-africa-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46989\/001c.92555","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}}}