{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:29:08Z","timestamp":1747225748886,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Societatea Romana de Morfologie","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rom J Morphol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Collected, primary resources enabled us to extract data that are scarcely present in medical literature of the two Breslauer morphologists of both the human body and \u2013 metaphorically \u2013 the society: Wilhelm Ebstein (1836\u20131912) and Sigismund Asch (1825\u20131901), particularly the latter, who described morphology of melanosis in his doctoral dissertation in 1846, to switch on reshaping social morphology of Wroc\u0142aw (Breslau) in Virchow-like manner. In contrast to the main perspective of Ebstein\u2019s anomaly that has been finely described in past biographical papers, a primary aspect of infectious diseases is highlighted here in Ebstein\u2019s heritage. In 1869, his habilitation on recurrent typhus provided professional support for Asch. As Ebstein cared for the poor in shelters of Wroc\u0142aw, Asch admitted poor patients from early morning hours to gain such a great esteem to be elected alderman. Asch\u2019s mentality corresponded to Ferdinand Lassalle\u2019s philosophy of the social democratic movement. In front of cholera epidemics, Asch contributed to medical control of meat, development of city canalization, establishment of green areas as well he deeply got involved in charity institutions for widows and orphans and was a model medical doctor to follow for much more famous Janusz Korczak who perished together with children from his orphanage in Nazi Concentration Camp in Treblinka. Asch was immortalized as \u201cDoctor Klaus\u201d in the popular play by Adolf L\u2019Arronge and united people in progress from feudal discrimination to democracy and in fight for civil rights in industrial society to gradually replace aristocracy with meritocracy in the mainstream of development of modern society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47162\/rjme.65.2.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T08:57:22Z","timestamp":1723021042000},"page":"353-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From morphology of human body to reshaping a morphology of the society: heritage in the field of pathology of infectious diseases of Wilhelm Ebstein and work of councilman Sigismund Asch. A story how to counteract epidemics and to transform feudal system"],"prefix":"10.47162","volume":"65","author":[{"name":"Specialist Medical Practice \u2013 Pathologist, Warsaw\u2013Marymont, Poland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wincewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2154-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Woltanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Public Finances and Financial Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Poland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26736","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\"[1] Schnore LF. Social morphology and human ecology. Am J Sociol, 1958, 63(6):620-634. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2772992","DOI":"10.1086\/222357"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[2] Wincewicz A, Woltanowski P. Heritage of Leopold Auerbach in the field of morphology of nervous system. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2021, 62(1):325-330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47162\/RJME.62.1.37","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.62.1.37"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[3] Ebstein E. Wilhelm Ebstein. (1836-1912). In: Ebstein E (ed). \u00c4r\u01b6te-Memoiren: aus Vier Jahrhunderten. Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1923, 366-376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-48590-9_49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48590-9_49"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"[4] Ebstein W. \u00dcber einen sehr seltenen Fall von Insufficienz der Valvula tricuspidalis, bedingt durch eine angeborene hochgradige Missbildung derselben [About a very rare case of insufficiency of the tricuspid valvula, caused by its congenital severe malformation] [Ebstein anomaly]. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med, 1866, 2:238-254. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/archivfranatomi33unkngoog\/page\/238\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"[5] Ebstein W. \u00dcber Dr\u00fcsenepithelnekrosen beim Diabetes mellitus mit besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung des diabetischen Coma. Dtsch Arch Klin Med, 1881, 28:143-242. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/deutschesarchiv44unkngoog\/page\/142\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"[6] Ebstein W. Das chronische R\u00fcckfallsfieber. Eine neue Infektionskrankheit. [Chronic relapsing fever. A new infectious disease]. Berl Klin Wochenschr, 1887, 24(31):565-568 (Communication I), 24(45):837-842 (Communication II). https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BerlinerKlinischeWochenschrift188724\/page\/n579\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"[7] Asch R. Siegismund Asch. Nekrologe [Obituary]. Jahresbericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr vaterl\u00e4ndische Cultur, 1901, 79:1-5. https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/114198#page\/573\/mode\/1up"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"[8] Asch S. De melanosi: dissertatio inauguralis medica... palam defendet auctor Sigismundus Asch [On Melanosis: Thesis, Dissertation on PhD]. Grass, Barth & Soc, Vratislaviae (Wroc\u0142aw, Breslau), 1847, 1-52. https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/258301064"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"[9] Zi\u0105tkowski L. Die Geschichte der Juden in Breslau [The history of the Jews in Breslau]. Wydawnictwo Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland, 2000, 1-132. https:\/\/libcat.familysearch.org\/Record\/999122"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"[10] Fuks M. \u017bydzi w Warszawie. \u017bycie codzienne, wydarzenia, ludzie [Jews in Warsaw. Everyday life, events, people]. Wydawnictwo SORUS, Pozna\u0144, Poland, 2011, 1-404. https:\/\/www.poczytaj.pl\/ksiazka\/zydzi-w-warszawie-zycie-codzienne-wydarzenia-ludzie-marian-fuks,167968"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"[11] Boguslawski W. Teatr. Kurjer Warszawski, 1882, No. 41 [rec. z A. L'Arronge, Doktor Klaus]. https:\/\/crispa.uw.edu.pl\/object\/files\/394223\/display\/Default"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"[12] Ebstein E. Wilhelm Ebstein's Arbeiten aus den Jahren 1859-1906 [Wilhelm Ebstein's list of publications 1859-1906. Heritage of Wilhelm Ebstein]. Dtsch Arch Klin Med, 1907, 89:367-378"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"***. Wilhelm Ebstein. Nature, 1936, 138:914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/138914c0","DOI":"10.1038\/138914c0"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"[13] Pagel J. Biographisches Lexikon hervorragender \u00c4rzte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts: mit einer historischen Einleitung. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin-Wien, 1901, 439-441. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/b24851553\/page\/n259\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"[14] Ebstein W. De mutationibus microscopicis cocti crudique amyli fluido oris tractati [Microscopic changes in cooked and raw starch treated with oral fluid]. Dissertatio inauguralis Physiologiae Berolini [Doctoral dissertation, Berlin], 1859 (11. Juli). https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/64755496\/"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"[15] Ebstein W. \u00dcber die Unempf\u00e4nglichkeit (Immunit\u00e4t) gegen Krankheiten [On insusceptibility (immunity) to diseases]. Naturwiss Rundsch, 1891, 6(23):285-289. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/naturwissenschaf06brau\/page\/284\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"[16] Ebstein W. Die Recidive des Typhus. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von den Infections-Krankheiten. Verlag von Maruschke und Berendt, Breslau, 1869, 1-75. https:\/\/opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de\/Vta2\/bsb10471595\/bsb:BV020180873?page=82"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"[17] Ebstein W. Nierenkrankheiten nebst den Affectionen der Nierenbecken und der Ureteren [Kidney disease and also affections of the renal pelvis and mesonephros]. In: von Ziemssen H (ed). Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie. 2nd edition, vol. IX, C. F. W. Vogel, Leipzig, Germany, 1878. https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/title\/801094870"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"[18] Ebstein W, Schwalbe G (eds). Handbuch der praktischen Medicin [Manual of practical medicine]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1901. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/handbuchderprak02braugoog\/page\/n8\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[19] Mazurak M, Kusa. The two anomalies of Wilhelm Ebstein. Tex Heart Inst J, 2017, 44(3):198-201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14503\/THIJ-16-6063","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-16-6063"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"[20] Ebstein W. \u00dcber die Kunst, das menschliche Leben zu verl\u00e4ngern [About the art of extending human life]. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und \u00c4rzte, 1891, vol. I, 53-74. https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/title\/477095707"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"[21] Ebstein W. Die Fettleibigkeit (Korpulenz) und ihre Behandlung nach physiologischen Grunds\u00e4tzen [On obesity]. 8th edition, Verlag von J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1904; Ebstein W. Fett oder Kohlenhydrate? Zur Abwehr in der Frage \"Die Fettleibigkeit und ihre Behandluyng\" [Fat or Carbohydrates]. Verlag von J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1885. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/diefettleibigke00ebstgoog\/page\/n10\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"[22] Ebstein W. \u00dcber Wasserentziehung und anstrengende Muskelbewegungen bei Fettsucht, Fettherz, Kraftabnahme des Herzmuskels etc. Eine historisch-kritische Studie [Dehydration and strenuous muscle movements]. Verlag von J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1885, 1-33. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ueberwasserentzi00ebst\/page\/n3\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"[23] Ebstein W. \u00dcber eiwei\u00dfreiches Mehl und Brot als Mittel zur Aufbesserung der Volksern\u00e4hrung [About protein-rich flour and bread as a means of improving the public's diet]. Wiesbaden, 1892 (Privatdruck). https:\/\/www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de\/item\/7WMQF77LTVWKAECZDADCQOVSB7A27AKM"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"[24] Ebstein W. Einige Bemerkungen \u00fcber die Verwerthung des Pflanzeneiwei\u00dfes in der \u00e4rztlichen Praxis [Some comments on the use of plant protein in medical practice]. Ztschr \u00c4rztl Landpraxis, 1895, 4(1):1-10. https:\/\/eurekamag.com\/research\/091\/871\/091871678.php"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"[25] Ebstein W. De l'aleuronat ou albumine v\u00e9g\u00e9table [Protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds]. La M\u00e9decine Scientifique, 1893, 1(1):3-7. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/deutschesarchivfurklinischemedizin.v.89.1907\/page\/n381\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[26] Woltanowski P, Wincewicz A, Sulkowski S. Protection of children's human rights and health: a legacy of Julian Kramsztyk, Janusz Korczak, and Ludwik Rajchman. Glob Pediatr Health, 2018, 5:2333794X17754157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333794x17754157","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X17754157"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"[27] Ebstein W. Die Medizin im Alten Testament [Medicine of the Old Testament]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1901, 1-184. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/b24852399\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"[28] Ebstein W. Die Medizin im Neuen Testament und im Talmud [Medicine in the New Testament and Talmud]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1903, 1-338. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/b31358433\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"[29] Ebstein W. Die Krankheiten im Feldzuge gegen Russland (1812). Eine geschichtlich-medezinische Studie [On diseases experienced on a campaign to Russia]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1902, 1-82. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/diekrankheitenim00ebst\/page\/n3\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"[30] Ebstein W. Rudolf Virchow als Arzt mit besonderer R\u00fccksicht auf die innere Medizin [Rudolf Virchow as a doctor, with special consideration for internal medicine]. M\u00fcnch Med Wochenschr, 1903, 44:1922-1926"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und \u00c4rzte - 75. Versammlung zu Cassel, 20-26 September, 1904, II(2):33. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Wochenschrift\/page\/1921\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"[31] Ebstein W. Rudolf Virchow als Arzt [Rudolf Virchow as the medical doctor]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1903, 1-78. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/b22394904\/page\/n1\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"[32] Ebstein W. Die Krankheiten und deren Heilung bei den Deutschen von den \u00e4ltesten Zeiten bis zum 16. Jahrhundert [The diseases and their healing among the Germans from the oldest times to the 16th century]. Beilage zur Allgemeinen Zeitung, 1903 (25 August), 191:373. https:\/\/digitale-sammlungen.de\/en\/view\/bsb00085815_00381_u001?page=5"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"[33] Ebstein W. Dr. Martin Luthers Krankheiten und deren Einfluss auf seinen k\u00f6rperlichen und geistigen Zustand [Dr Martin Luther's illnesses and their influence on his physical and mental condition]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1908, 1-64. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/drmartinluthers00ebstgoog\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"[34] Ebstein W. Die Krankheit des Kaisers Sigmund (1410-1437) [The illness of Emperor Sigmund (1410-1437)]. M\u00fcnch Med Wochenschr, 1906, 53(25):1211-1213. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/MuenchenerMedizinischeWochenschrift5319061.Halbjahr11288\/page\/n1347\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"[35] Ebstein W. Charlatanerie und Kurpfuscher im deutschen Reich [Charlatanry and quacks in the German Empire]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1905, 1-62. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/b24870833\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"[36] Ebstein W. Die Pest des Thukydides (Die Attische Seuche): eine geschichtlich-medicinische Studie [The Plague of Thucydides (The Attic Plague)]. Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1899, 1-48. https:\/\/wellcomecollection.org\/works\/jkhn8nxd"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[37] Ebstein W. Nochmals die Pest des Thukydides [The Plague of Thucydides again]. Dtsch Med Wochensch, 1899, 25(36):594-597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0029-1200452","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1200452"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"[38] Ebstein W. Ob es sich bei der Pest des Thukydides um die Bubonenpest gehandelt hat? [Was Thucydides' plague the bubonic plague?]. Janus, 1902, 7:8-14. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/janus13wiskgoog\/page\/n26\/mode\/2up"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"[39] Ebstein W. \u00dcber das Alter der Bubonenpest [About the age of the bubonic plague]. 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Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, 2024. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Aroda_Treasure\""}],"container-title":["Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T09:17:36Z","timestamp":1723022256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rjme.ro\/archive\/65\/2\/24\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47162\/rjme.65.2.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1220-0522","2066-8279"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1220-0522"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2066-8279"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]}}}