{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:56:08Z","timestamp":1774986968678,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To determine the sensitivity patterns of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in paediatric patients in a public-sector tertiary-care setting.\nMethod: The retrospective, observational study was conducted at Gajju Khan Medical College, Swabi, Pakistan, from January 11 to March 3, 2024, and comprised samples from patients aged 1-14 years who had been confirmed as cases of Salmonella typhi during testing at the Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, between January 5 and December 24, 2023. Cultures had been performed manually, while antibiotic susceptibility had been tested using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.\nResults: Of the 63 patients, 40(63.4%) were boys and 23(36.5%) were girls. The overall mean age was 7.8\u00b14.16 years. Among the samples, 6(10.5%) showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, while 57(89.4%) exhibited resistance. None of the samples showed sensitivity to ampicillin, and 1(1.5%) was sensitive to ceftriaxone. Azithromycin showed a high sensitivity rate of 60(95.2%). Meropenem and imipenem demonstrated 63(100%) sensitivity.\nConclusion: The development of extremely high resistance of salmonella typhi to commonly used antibiotics, such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone show a concerning trend in pediatric patients. Measures need to be taken to prevent the misuse and overuse of antibiotics.\nKey Words: Enteric fever, Salmonella, Antibiotic sensitivity, Blood culture, Disk-diffusion method, Bauer-Kirby, Azithromycin, Meropenem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.21046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T19:05:12Z","timestamp":1774897512000},"page":"500-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensitivity pattern of salmonella typhi and paratyphi in paediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"Sohail Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Farhan","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Kifayatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Mansoor Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Mantasha Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Touseef Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/21046\/4695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/21046\/4695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:05:28Z","timestamp":1774983928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/21046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.21046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982","0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]}}}