{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1770641043287,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To assess psychological insulin resistance, and to identify associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients.\nMethods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, between August 2023 and January 2024, and comprised type 2 diabetes patients. Apart from routine demographic and clinical data, Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale scores were collected to evaluate the participants' attitudes towards insulin therapy. Data were analysed using SPSS 25.\nResults: Of the 397 patients with mean age 47.22\u00b115.04 years, 201(50.6) were females and 196(49.4) were males. The mean Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale score was 34.58\u00b17.75, indicating a moderately resistant attitude towards insulin therapy. Concerns about insulin use were prevalent, with 136(34.3%) participants agreeing that insulin initiation signified a failure in managing diabetes through diet and tablets, and 148(37.3%) having a fear of needles. The Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale score had significant associations with marital status, monthly income, education level and certain comorbidities (p&lt;0.05).\nConclusion: The level of psychological insulin resistance was found to be considerable among type 2 diabetes patients, emphasising the need for targeted patient education.\nKey Words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Psychological insulin resistance, Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale, Diabetes management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.22269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:43:19Z","timestamp":1769798599000},"page":"160-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"Mohammad Ali Arif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Fibhaa Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Ayesha Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/22269\/4585","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/22269\/4585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:45:24Z","timestamp":1770576324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/22269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.22269","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982","0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}