{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:12:46Z","timestamp":1778303566685,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the complications after primary and secondary enucleation in children with retinoblastoma.\nMethod: The prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, at the Children Eye Hospital, Al-Shifa Trust, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised children with retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation. Post-enucleated sockets in the patients were evaluated for any post-operative complications. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.\nResults: Of the 133 patients with mean age 28.1\u00b119.1 months, 77(58%) were boys and 56(42%) were girls. Overall, 74(56%) patients had primary enucleation, 59(44%) had secondary enucleation, 79(59%) had unilateral disease and 54(41%) had bilateral retinoblastoma. Family history was positive in 23(17%) patients. The difference between age at presentation between primary and secondary enucleation was not significant (p=0.619). \u00a0Complications were observed in 28(21.1%) sockets, the most common being implant exposure 9(32%). The rate of complications between primary and secondary enucleation cases was not significant (p=0.80). Female gender (p=0.02, odds ratio: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.109-2.410), intravenous chemotherapy (p=0.11, odds ratio: 1.2 95%, confidence interval: 0.980-1.594), high-risk features (p=0.02, odds ratio: 1.7 95%, confidence interval: 1.127-2.608) and extraocular disease (p=0.49, odds ratio: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.759-1.796) were associated with greater odds of developing complications post-enucleation.\nConclusion: Complications were observed in more than one-fourth of the enucleated sockets. Intravenous chemotherapy, female gender, high-risk features and extraocular retinoblastoma added to the burden of post-operative complications.\nKey Words: Retinoblastoma, Postoperative complications, Enucleation, Chemotherapy, Histopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.23150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:14:28Z","timestamp":1777662868000},"page":"704-708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the rate of complications in primary and secondary enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"Rabeeah Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorath","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidra","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadab","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/23150\/4756","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/23150\/4756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:41:42Z","timestamp":1778301702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/23150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.23150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982","0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}