{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:22:14Z","timestamp":1780773734154,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"09","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semantic pain questionnaires, translated and validated indifferent languages from the original English version, arewidely used to collect patient self-reports. Their use presentsignificant challenges, as pain is a deeply personalexperience influenced by individual, cultural, and linguisticfactors, making it difficult to achieve consistentinterpretation across diverse populations and cultures. Painquestionnaires are effective in research with carefullyselected participants but may be less reliable in everyday\u2018real world\u2019 rehabilitation settings. Patients from rural areaswith limited education may describe their chronic backpain as \"a heavy burden on my life,\" whereas patientsexposed to medical terminology might say \"I havepersistent, dull, aching pain in my lower back.\" Despitesimilar pain, their descriptions highlight a gap shaped bycultural and educational backgrounds. In rehabilitation,awareness of these biases is particularly important.Improvement in patient interviews will increase our abilityto treat pain and pain related disability.Keywords: Pain assessment, rehabilitation, questionnaires,cross-cultural validity, patient-reported outcomes<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.25-75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T15:57:30Z","timestamp":1756396650000},"page":"1482-1485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cultural and Linguistic Challenges in Pain Assessment: Rethinking Semantic Questionnaires for Rehabilitation Settings"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"75","author":[{"family":"Roberto Casale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Kestutis Petrikonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Farooq Azam Rathore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/32641\/4347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/32641\/4347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T16:02:37Z","timestamp":1756656157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/32641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.25-75","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982","0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]}}}