{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T19:57:20Z","timestamp":1781207840871,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hypothalamus, through its expression and interactionwith various neurotransmitters, pituitary hormones andorexigenic and anorexigenic signals, regulates appetite.Leptin and insulin, released in response to food intake, actas anorexigenic stimuli whereas ghrelin, released in fasting,is orexigenic. Imbalance in these signals can lead todisorders in appetite regulation with cardiovascularimplications. Glucose, through multiple mechanisms,shows an addictive potential and interacts and affects thehypothalamic regulation of appetite and energymetabolism. The concept of Carbothalamus integrates thehypothalamic function in response to carbohydrate cravingand proves opportune to identify the individualmaladaptation and an approach to manage the same. Thissimple concept helps understand, as well as address,obesity in an easy and effective manner.Keywords: Carbohydrates, hypothalamus, incretins,nutrition, obesity, overweight, weight<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.26-43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T19:18:01Z","timestamp":1780255081000},"page":"964-966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Carbothalamus: Villain and Victim in Metabolic Care"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"Parag Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Khushboo Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Nitin Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sanjay Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/41866\/4874","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/41866\/4874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T19:28:11Z","timestamp":1781206091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/41866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.26-43","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]}}}