{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T20:15:31Z","timestamp":1784060131586,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in breast carcinoma cases.\nMethod: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, between February and December 2024, and comprised females aged 20-75 years newly diagnosed with breast carcinoma in group A and age-matched healthy controls in group B. Sociodemographic data and clinical history were obtained, and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were tested using electrochemiluminescense immunoassay. Deficiency in vitamin D was considered serum level &lt;25nmol\/L. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.\nResults: Of the142female subjects, 71(50%) were in group A with mean age 46.9\u00b116.3 years, and 71(50%) were in group B with mean age 42.4\u00b115.9 years (p=0.797). Vitamin D levels were also lower in group A patients compared to those in group B (p&lt;0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 33(46.5%) cases compared to 5(7%) controls, with supplement use being less among the cases 11(15.5%) compared to the controls 28(39.4% (p=0.001). There was a high level of correlation between vitamin D deficiency and positive family history of breast carcinoma (p&lt;0.001).\nConclusion: Deficiency of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D contributed to the higher risk of breast carcinoma, while vitamin D supplements had preventive benefits.\nKey Words: Vitamin D deficiency, Serum vitamin 25 hydroxyvitamin D, Breast carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.30181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:58:12Z","timestamp":1784059092000},"page":"1283-1287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case control study to determine the frequency of vitamin d deficiency in carcinoma breast in females of local population of Rawalpindi and Islamabad area"],"prefix":"10.47391","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Urooj","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Quratul-Ann-Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayeda Basma","family":"Bukhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/30181\/4965","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/download\/30181\/4965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:58:12Z","timestamp":1784059092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/30181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.30181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]}}}