{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T14:00:18Z","timestamp":1648908018792},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a progressive degeneration of behavioral and cognitive functions such as memory. [1] Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-B plaques, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, microglial cell activation and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B leading to disease progression. Amyloid-B plaques act on Toll-like receptors on microglial cells, thereby activating them and causing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [2] Milrinone is a Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has vasodilatory effects in the vasculature and has shown to suppress neurocytes apoptosis and inflammation. [3].\nA study performed on APP\/PSI transgenic mice demonstrated that milrinone reduces formation of amyloid-B plaques, suppresses tau protein hyperphosphorylation and release of inflammatory cytokines and reduces neuroinflammation therefore improving memory and cognitive functioning and helps reduce the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.[4]\nAs per recent statistics, low-middle income countries constitute 58% of the world's aging population and this is expected to reach 68% by 2050. China, South Asian countries including Pakistan and Western pacific neighbors have reported the fastest growth in their geriatric population (5). In Pakistan, a country of approximately 220 million people with an increasing elderly population, there are very limited dementia trained specialists and available treatment options (6). Milrinone, a drug conventionally being used in cardiovascular treatments, could help bridge this gap and allow us to cater to the increasing burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.4717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1645258806000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Milrinone: An advancement in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.47391","author":[{"given":"Hemaila","family":"Tariq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Yusuf","family":"Hafiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1645258806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/4717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.4717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]}}}