{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:20:48Z","timestamp":1792718448068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pakistan Medical Association","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pak Med Assoc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract\r\nObjective: To determine the occurrence and characteristics of the two types of lepra reactions, in new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis, in a Pakistani population.\r\nMethods: This retrospective descriptive study was done at MALC Karachi .All new leprosy cases who were registered at MALC during a two-and-a-half year period were enrolled. Their medical records were checked and selected all cases who had presented with a lepra reaction, at initial diagnosis. A total of 50 such cases were identified. Data was then collected from their medical histories, physical examination records and laboratory investigation reports.\r\nResults: Out of the total 50 cases in this study, 2 (4%) were children and 48 (96%) were adults. Male-female ratio was 4.6:1. 30 (60%) cases presented with a type 1 reaction and 20 (40%) with type 2. 30 (60%) cases were classified as borderline lepromatous (BL). Among these 17 (57%) had a type 2 reaction. Inflamed plaques were the main feature, in 27 (90%) cases of type 1. Crops of painful, erythematous nodules were seen in 19\/20; 95% cases of type 2. Ulnar nerves were the most commonly enlarged nerves, in those with type 1 (73%) and common peroneal in type 2 (65%).\r\nConclusion: Lepra reactions can be a presenting feature in a significant number of new leprosy cases, at initial diagnosis. Early recognition and management of these reactions can help prevent disease transmission, lifelong\u00a0 deformities and disabilities.\r\nKeywords: Leprosy, Lepra reactions, type 1 (reversal) reaction, type 2 erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T16:48:44Z","timestamp":1605545324000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lepra reactions in new leprosy cases at diagnosis: a study of 50 Pakistani patients"],"prefix":"10.47391","author":[{"family":"Rabia Ghafoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Muhammad Irfan Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Mutaher Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Admin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"26547","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T15:24:44Z","timestamp":1614698684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.jpma.org.pk\/index.php\/public_html\/article\/view\/571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/jpma.878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-9982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-9982","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]}}}