{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T14:46:52Z","timestamp":1766760412688,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Sociedade Cientifica de Pedagogia do Desporto","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/PSI\/01662\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PSI\/01662\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyzes coach-athletes\u2019 communication using the Communication Behaviors Evaluation System (CBES). This system provides a broad and complete perspective regarding the interactions between coaches and athletes by including data from coaches, athletes and from an observer. The CBES was used to monitor the communication between coaches and athletes from four different teams, during one game (observation). Athletes and coaches evaluated their communication behaviors using the Communication Behaviors Questionnaire (CBQ). The study included sixty-four futsal male athletes aged between 13 and 43 years-old (M = 18.98, SD = 7.05) and their coaches, all male and aged between 29 and 43 years-old (M = 35.75, SD = 5.26). Results revealed six important aspects: (1) the CBQ assumed a two-factor structure of positive and negative behaviors but one item has deleted; (2) coaches assumed positive behaviors more frequently than negative behaviors; (3) positive spontaneous behaviors were slightly more frequent than positive reactive behaviors; (4) coaches perceived themselves as displaying more negative reactive behaviors than negative spontaneous behaviors; (5) positive feedback and encouragement after failure were the most frequent positive behaviors; and (6) negative feedback was the most frequent negative behavior. In sum, CBES assumed to be a useful tool to evaluate coaches-athletes\u2019 communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47863\/ikpz3678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T19:51:47Z","timestamp":1603223507000},"page":"51-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Coach-Athletes Communication: Data from the Communication Behaviors Evaluation System"],"prefix":"10.47863","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"A. Rui","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho, School of Psychology. Portugal"}]},{"given":"Albino","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptation, Performance, and Human Development Research Group. Portugal."}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Maia. Portugal. Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qualidade de Vida)"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa. Portugal"}]}],"member":"27454","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calpe, V ., Guzm\u00e1n, J., & Grijalbo, C. (2013). Relationship between score and coaches\u2019 verbal behaviour. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 8(3), 728-737. doi:10.4100\/jhse.2013.8.Proc3.19","DOI":"10.4100\/jhse.2013.8.proc3.19"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cope, E., Partington, M., & Harvey, S. (2017). A review of the use of a systematic observation method in coaching research between 1997 and 2016. 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Albuquerque (Eds.), Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective: Promoting high performance (Vol. 3, pp. 157-169). New York: Nova Science. [Available at] http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1822\/28118."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Gomes, A. R. (2016). Sport Performance Perception Questionnaire (SPPQ). Unpublished technical report: Braga School of Psychology, University of Minho."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Gomes, A. R. (2019). Communication Behaviors Questionnaire (CBQ). Unpublished technical report: Braga: School of Psychology, University of Minho."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gould, D., Nalepa, J., & Mignano, M. (2020). Coaching generation Z athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(1), 104-120. doi:10.1080\/10413200.2019.1581856","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2019.1581856"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Haselwood, D., Joyner, A., Burke, K., Geyerman, C., Czech, D., Munkasy, B., & Zwald, A. (2005). 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