{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T11:06:27Z","timestamp":1772622387690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Korean Encephalitis and Neuroinflammation Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014R1A2A2A01002608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A2A2A01002608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Advanced Neural Technologies","award":["0620182930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0620182930"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["encephalitisjournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["encephalitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PurposeChronic social stress is known to induce inflammation in the brain, and early-life stress affects the brain and social behavior in adulthood. To study the relationship between social stress in childhood development and social behavior in adulthood, we subjected mice to a sequential early-life social stresses and characterized their adult behavioral phenotypes.MethodsC57BL\/6 mice were sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order. The body weights of the MS\/SD\/SI mice were measured. Behavioral tasks related to anxiety, depression, locomotion, learning\/memory, and repetitive\/compulsive-like behavior were conducted. Social behaviors suggesting sociability, social interaction, aggression, and social fear were investigated. ResultsMS\/SD\/SI mice weighed less at 7 and 8 weeks of age. These mice displayed normal behaviors in anxiety-, depression-, and learning\/memory-related tasks, but they exhibited increased locomotor activity and a low level of repetitive\/compulsive-like behavior. Notably, they exhibited increased social interaction, impaired empathy-related fear, reduced predator fear, and increased defensive aggressiveness.ConclusionSocial stress during childhood development resulted in behavioral alterations, and MS\/SD\/SI mice generated by mimicking child abuse or maltreatment showed unique abnormalities in social behaviors. MS\/SD\/SI mice might be useful not only to study the relationship between social stress and brain inflammation but also psychosocial behaviors observed in individuals with brain disorders, such as psychopaths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47936\/encephalitis.2021.00178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T01:21:22Z","timestamp":1646961682000},"page":"45-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47936\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chronic social stress during early development elicits unique behavioral changes in 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