{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:09:21Z","timestamp":1778836161125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Bor\u00e5s","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. This study explores behavioural mechanisms behind users\u2019 frequent shifting between different large language models (LLMs), analyses the factors influencing such shifting behaviour and their interaction pathways, and provides both theoretical and practical insights into user decision-making logic in multi-model interaction scenarios.\nMethod. Based on the Uses and Gratifications Theory, this study constructs a theoretical model, encompassing gratification dimensions, usage dimensions, and behavioural influence dimensions, and employs structural equation modelling to examine the effects of each variable on shifting behaviour.\nAnalysis. This study collected data from 315 valid respondents via questionnaires and analysed users\u2019 nomadic behaviour across different LLMs.\nResults. The depth and professionalism of content generated by LLMs, along with users\u2019 information seeking needs, significantly and positively influence perceived usefulness, which in turn negatively suppresses shifting behaviour. Emotional and interaction experiences reduce user shifting by enhancing perceived ease of use, while user satisfaction indirectly affects shifting behaviour by shaping usage habits.\nConclusions. This study introduces the concept of \u201cLLM Nomads\u201d for the first time, filling a gap in research on user behaviour involving frequent shifting between models. It offers developers a practical pathway to enhance user retention, providing valuable guidance for mitigating homogeneous competition among products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.47989\/ir31260433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1778833364000},"page":"152-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LLM nomads: an exploration of why users alternate among different LLMs"],"prefix":"10.47989","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shuting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yakai","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27919","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"container-title":["Information Research an international electronic journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publicera.kb.se\/ir\/article\/download\/60433\/52798","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publicera.kb.se\/ir\/article\/download\/60433\/52798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1778833364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publicera.kb.se\/ir\/article\/view\/60433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47989\/ir31260433","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-1613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-1613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]}}}