{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:15:12Z","timestamp":1785204912335,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Uppsala Medical Society","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ujms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display an increased expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated genes, a so-called IFN signature. This discovery was preceded by the observation in Uppsala that patients with malignant diseases treated with type I IFN occasionally developed autoimmune diseases, including SLE. The adverse event of IFN treatment was the start of an intensive search for the role of the type I IFN system in patients with spontaneously occurring SLE. A key finding by our group was the detection in patients with SLE of endogenous IFN-inducers that could activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to IFN production. Further studies revealed the mechanisms by which these cells are triggered to a continuous IFN synthesis. We could also identify a large number of risk genes for SLE and several molecules connected to type I IFN production and response. My group early on suggested the possibility that some of these molecules are suitable therapeutic targets in SLE, but also other IFN-driven diseases. Antibodies against the type I IFN receptor (anifrolumab) have recently shown efficacy in clinical trials for SLE, and anifrolumab is now approved as a treatment for this disease. Several other drugs targeting critical molecules in the IFN signaling pathways \u2013 including BCDA-2 (Blood Dendritic Cell Antigen 2), TLR7\/8 (Toll-like receptor 7\/8), and TYK2 (Tyrosine Kinase 2) \u2013 are currently in early clinical phases, potentially expanding therapeutic options for SLE. In this review, several important observations regarding the role of the type I IFN system in SLE and therapeutic implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.48101\/ujms.v130.13677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:02:08Z","timestamp":1765983728000},"page":"e13677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systemic lupus erythematosus: from an adverse event of interferon administration to a disease with new treatment options"],"prefix":"10.48101","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9403-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"R\u00f6nnblom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"28163","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"container-title":["Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/download\/13677\/20511","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/download\/13677\/20508","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/download\/13677\/20509","content-type":"application\/epub+zip","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/download\/13677\/20510","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/download\/13677\/20511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:02:08Z","timestamp":1765983728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ujms.net\/index.php\/ujms\/article\/view\/13677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48101\/ujms.v130.13677","relation":{},"ISSN":["2000-1967","0300-9734"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2000-1967","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0300-9734","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]}}}