{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:58:24Z","timestamp":1777892304715,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Jean-Paul Marat was a French revolutionary, famously murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday in 1793. A lesser known fact is that for over ten years he lived in Britain where he practised as a doctor. During this time he visited London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Holland. Although he had no formal medical training, he published two medical papers on gleets (gonorrhoea) and diseases of the eyes and, on the recommendation of two eminent Scottish physicians, William Buchan and Hugh James, he was granted a medical degree from the University of St Andrews. Marat left no medical legacy and his related writings were forgotten for 100 years until the rediscovery of the two medical papers, which were eventually re-published in 1892 at the instigation of James Bailey, the librarian of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Biographies by F Chevremont (1880), Ashbee Spencer (1890) and A Caban\u00e8s (1891) had rekindled interest in this intriguing revolutionary. A study of his time in Britain and his medical works and training provide an interesting insight into the mind of a revolutionary and how his sojourn may have shaped his future political career upon his return to France in 1777.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2013.117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T04:35:30Z","timestamp":1363926930000},"page":"76-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Doctor Jean-Paul Marat (1743\u201393) and his time as a physician in Great Britain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"JR","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired Consultant in Spinal Injuries and Fellow of the Institute of Sports Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M-F","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate and MA History of Medicine Graduate Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-JRCPE.2013.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591574503900106"},{"key":"bibr2-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"2 Brissot JP. M\u00e9moires de\u00a0Brissot sur ses contemporains, et la R\u00e9volution Fran\u00e7aise. Paris: MF de\u00a0Montrol; 1830. French."},{"key":"bibr3-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"3SNOF.org [Internet]. Strasbourg: Encyclop\u00e9die de la vue [cited 2012 Dec 18]. Available from: http:\/\/www.snof.org\/histoire\/marat.html"},{"key":"bibr4-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"4 Marat JP. M\u00e9moire sur l\u2019electricit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale. Paris: De l\u2019imprimerie de\u00a0L Jorry; 1784. French."},{"key":"bibr5-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"5 Blair JSG. The history of medicine in the University of St Andrews. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press; 1987. p.23\u201338."},{"key":"bibr6-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"An essay on gleets: wherein the defects of the actual method of treating those complaints of the urethra are pointed out, and an effectual way of curing them indicated","author":"Marat JP.","year":"1775"},{"key":"bibr7-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"An enquiry into the nature and cure of a singular disease of the eyes","author":"Marat JP.","year":"1776"},{"key":"bibr8-JRCPE.2013.117","first-page":"225","volume":"542","author":"Stephens AM.","year":"1882","journal-title":"The Academy"},{"key":"bibr9-JRCPE.2013.117","first-page":"57","volume":"106","author":"Bailey JB.","year":"1891","journal-title":"The Academy"},{"key":"bibr10-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"Medical tracts","author":"Marat JP.","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr11-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"Scientists and charlatans. In: Science and polity in France: the end of the old regime","author":"Gillispie CC."},{"key":"bibr12-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"12 Conner CD. Jean Paul Marat: scientist and revolutionary. New York: Humanity Books; 1999. pp.18, 20, 22, 33, 43."},{"key":"bibr13-JRCPE.2013.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209400200307"},{"key":"bibr14-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"14 Caban\u00e8s A. Marat inconnu. L\u2019Homme priv\u00e9, le m\u00e9decin, le savant. Paris: L\u00e9on Genonceaux; 1891. pp.43, 54, 62, 174. French. 81"},{"key":"bibr15-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"15 Marat JP. L\u2019Ami du peuple. 1793 Jan 14. p.5\u20137. French."},{"key":"bibr16-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"16 Vess DM. Medical revolution in France, 1789\u20131796. Gainesville: University Press of Florida; 1975. p.17."},{"key":"bibr17-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"17 Saugera E. Bordeaux, Port N\u00e9grier: chronologie, \u00e9conomie, id\u00e9ologie, XVIIe-XIXe si\u00e8cles. Biarritz: J&D Editions; 1995. French."},{"key":"bibr18-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"18i-anatomie.com [Internet]. Bordeaux: Laboratoire d\u2019Anatomie M\u00e9dico- Chirurgicale Appliqu\u00e9. L\u2019Histoire de l\u2019anatomie Bordelaise [cited 2012 Dec 18]. Available from: http:\/\/www.i-anatomie.com\/?content=lamca\/histoire.php&univers=3"},{"key":"bibr19-JRCPE.2013.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801844836"},{"key":"bibr20-JRCPE.2013.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1478271520083803028","volume":"38","author":"Silver JR","year":"2008","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"bibr21-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"21 Phipson SL. Jean Paul Marat: his career in England and France before the revolution. London: Methuen and Co Ltd; 1924. p.42\u20133."},{"key":"bibr22-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"Treating the wages of sin: venereal disease and specialism in eighteenth century Britain. In: Bynum WF, Porter R. Medical fringe and medical orthodoxy 1750\u20131850","author":"Bynum WF.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr23-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"Treatise on the venereal disease","author":"Hunter J.","year":"1788","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr24-JRCPE.2013.117","volume-title":"A treatise of the scurvy in three parts. Containing an inquiry into the nature, causes and cure of that disease, together with a critical and chronological view of what has been published on the subject","author":"Lind J.","year":"1753"},{"key":"bibr25-JRCPE.2013.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25Marat in England. BMJ 1893; 1:305. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.1676.305","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1676.305"},{"key":"bibr26-JRCPE.2013.117","unstructured":"26 Marat JP. Les d\u00e9couvertes de\u00a0M. Marat sur le feu, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et la lumi\u00e8re constat\u00e9es par une suite d\u2019exp\u00e9riences nouvelles. Paris: Clouiser; 1779. 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