{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:23:43Z","timestamp":1781299423385,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting 1.3\u20132.2% of the UK population.1 Most commonly, psoriasis is characterised by well-demarcated, red plaques with adherent scale with a predilection for the scalp and extensor surfaces of the limbs. However, the effects of psoriasis go far beyond a patient\u2019s skin and may result in a degree of disability and impaired quality of life similar to that of other major medical conditions, such as cancer and heart disease. First-line therapies for most patients are topical treatments such as topical corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues. For those with more severe or treatment-resistant disease, secondor third-line therapies include phototherapy, systemic therapies such as methotrexate and more recently biologic therapies such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. These therapeutic modalities are proven to be highly effective; however, the potential for long-term toxicity needs to be considered. Aside from the visible skin disease, psoriasis is also increasingly recognised to have important systemic manifestations. Psoriatic arthritis has long been established as an associated condition and, more recently, it has emerged that psoriasis is also associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Both National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)2 and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)3 have recently published guidelines for the assessment and management of psoriasis which highlight the need for regular assessment in order to detect the development of arthritis and the presence of other co-morbidities such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2013.414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T10:19:22Z","timestamp":1534155562000},"page":"334-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Burfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FY2 Doctor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AD","family":"Burden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1 Nestle FO, Kaplan DH, Barker J. Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:496\u2013509. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595"},{"key":"bibr2-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2 Smith CH, Anstey AV, Barker JN  British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:987\u20131019. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09505.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09505.x"},{"key":"bibr3-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3 Tsoi LC, Spain SL, Knight J  Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity. Nat Genetics 2012; 44:1341\u20138. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.2467","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467"},{"key":"bibr4-JRCPE.2013.414","unstructured":"1 Parisi R, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM. Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:e5."},{"key":"bibr5-JRCPE.2013.414","unstructured":"2National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The assessment and management of psoriasis. CG153 [Internet]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2012 [cited 2013 Oct 16]. Available from: http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/CG153\/Guidance\/pdf\/English"},{"key":"bibr6-JRCPE.2013.414","unstructured":"3Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Diagnosis and management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in adults. Edinburgh: Guideline No 121 [Internet]. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2010 [cited 2013 Oct 16]. Available from: http:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/guidelines\/fulltext\/121\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr7-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4 Tsoi LC, Spain SL, Knight J  Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity. Nat Genetics 2012; 44:1341\u20138. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.2467","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467"},{"key":"bibr8-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5 Gelfand JM, Neinmann AL, Shin DB  Risk of myocardial infaction in patients with psoriasis. JAMA 2008; 296:1735\u201341. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.296.14.1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.14.1735"},{"key":"bibr9-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6 Langan SM, Seminara NM, Shin DB  Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a population-based study in the United Kingdom. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:556\u201362. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2011.365","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.365"},{"key":"bibr10-JRCPE.2013.414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7 Smith CH, Anstey AV, Barker JN  British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:987\u20131019. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09505.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09505.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:26:47Z","timestamp":1777616807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4997\/jrcpe.2013.414","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-2715","2042-8189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-2715","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-8189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}}}