{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:59:17Z","timestamp":1777892357114,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 1915, under the aegis of the French Red Cross, volunteer medical women from the Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital Service for Foreign Service established a hospital at Royaumont Abbey in France, to treat casualties of the First World War. By working as a team comprised of radiologists, bacteriologists and surgeons, they were able to combat gas gangrene and record remarkable results. The circumstances and the way in which the doctors were portrayed in France and Britain prevented them from actively promoting their results to gain wider acceptance. After the War, medical women lost their training and employment opportunities and many left the profession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2014.418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T10:59:28Z","timestamp":1418813968000},"page":"328-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital at Royaumont, France 1914\u20131919"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"family":"M-F Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher in History of Medicine, Whiteleaf, Buckinghamshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"1 Crofton E. The Women of Royaumont: A Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital on the Western Front. East Linton: Tuckwell Press Ltd; 1997. pps. 10, 18, 224, 241, 145,13, 223."},{"key":"bibr2-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"2 Leneman L. In the Service of Life: The Story of Elsie Inglis and the Scottish Women\u2019s Hospitals. Edinburgh: The Mercat Press; 1994. pps. 14, 220."},{"key":"bibr3-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"102","volume":"1","author":"McDermid J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"What\u2019s in a name? The Scottish Women\u2019s Hospitals in the First World War"},{"key":"bibr4-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"4De Navarro A. The Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital at the French Abbey of Royaumont. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd; 1917. p. 92\u201396."},{"key":"bibr5-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"5 Harrison M. The Medical War: British Military Medicine in the First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. pps. 32\u201337, 66\u201391"},{"key":"bibr6-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"6 MacPherson WG. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: The Medical Services on the Western Front and during the Operations in France and Belgium in 1914 and 1915 Vol. II. London: MacMillan; 1923, p.49\u201350."},{"key":"bibr7-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"7 Henry L. The Treatment of War Wounds with Serum Therapy. MD Thesis. University of Sheffield; 1920."},{"key":"bibr8-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"111","volume":"19","author":"Collins RF.","year":"1993","journal-title":"France and the press in war, positioning the war: The evolution of civilian war-related advertising in France"},{"key":"bibr9-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"9 Helys M. Quelques aspects de\u00a0Paris pendant l\u2019hiver. Le Correspondant 25 May 1915."},{"key":"bibr10-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"10Comtesse De\u00a0Courson. Royaumont - La Revue Hebdomadaire et son Suppl\u00e9ment Illustr\u00e9 6 Avril 1918; 14: 213\u2013226."},{"key":"bibr11-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"11Daudy M.C. Personal Interview. 5 March 2012."},{"key":"bibr12-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"80","volume":"101","author":"Darrow M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"French volunteer nursing and the myth of war experience in World War I"},{"key":"bibr13-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"13Visitor\u2019s Book, Royaumont Archives."},{"key":"bibr14-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"14De Navarro A. France Afflicted: France Serene. London: Chapman and Hall; 1920. p. 177."},{"key":"bibr15-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"15Gerald. Les h\u00f4pitaux des dames d\u2019Ecosse. 21 July 1916. Royaumont archives."},{"key":"bibr16-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"16Sloan Goldberg N. Ecrivains Fran\u00e7ais de\u00a0la\u00a0Grande Guerre. http:\/\/mtweb.mtsu.edu\/Goldberg\/(accessed 24-04\/2012)."},{"key":"bibr17-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"17 B\u00e9rillon L. Une visite \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital de\u00a0Royaumont in Maurice Chuliat, Livre d\u2019Or des OEuvres de\u00a0Guerre. Paris: Editions Chuliat; 1916.p. 5-8."},{"key":"bibr18-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"18 Henriot E. Le Paradis de\u00a0Royaumont. Femina September 1917."},{"key":"bibr19-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"19The Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital \u2013 A field hospital on the front line during the First World War. Scottish Screen Archive. http:\/\/www.ssa.nls.uk\/film.cfm?fid=0035 (accessed 10 March 2012)."},{"key":"bibr20-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"20The VC Film. Royaumont News-Letter November 1928; 11- 12,1: 2. Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Archives."},{"key":"bibr21-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"21A l\u2019H\u00f4pital de\u00a0Royaumont. Le Figaro 21 September 1916."},{"key":"bibr22-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"22Informations M Poincar\u00e9 \u00e0 Royaumont. Le Petit Parisien 21 September 1916."},{"key":"bibr23-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"23M Poincar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital Ecossais (publication unknown) Royaumont Abbey Archives."},{"key":"bibr24-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"24A Royaumont Visite de\u00a0M le Pr\u00e9sident de\u00a0la\u00a0R\u00e9publique. Echo Pontoisien Thursday 28 September 1916."},{"key":"bibr25-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"25Anon. L\u2019H\u00f4pital des Dames Ecossaises \u00e0 L\u2019Abbaye de\u00a0Royaumont \u2013 1914-1917 Souvenirs Respectueux et Reconnaissants de\u00a0Deux Paroisiennes (known as \u2018Le Cahier des Paroissiennes\u2019), Royaumont Abbey Archives."},{"key":"bibr26-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"425","volume":"2","author":"Ivens F.","year":"1918","journal-title":"The preventative and curative treatment of gas gangrene by mixed serums"},{"key":"bibr27-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"27Women\u2019s hospital scheme \u2013 Two units ready for service. The Scotsman November 1914."},{"key":"bibr28-JRCPE.2014.418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2955.203"},{"key":"bibr29-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"160","volume":"38","author":"Leneman L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medical women at war, 1914\u20131918"},{"key":"bibr30-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"30Garret Anderson L. Medical women in the making. The Times 3 October 1917; 9."},{"key":"bibr31-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"31The Scottish Women\u2019s Hospital Visit by President Poincar\u00e9. Daily Mail 21 September 1916."},{"key":"bibr32-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"32Military honours for Scottish women. Western Daily Press 16 December 1916."},{"key":"bibr33-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"33 Mayhew E. Wounded: The Long Journey Home from the Great War. London: Vintage Books; 2014. p. 227\u201330."},{"key":"bibr34-JRCPE.2014.418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34 Savill A. X-ray appearances in gas gangrene. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 20 Oct 1916;4-16.","DOI":"10.1177\/003591571701000403"},{"key":"bibr35-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"65","volume":"1","author":"Savill A.","year":"1917","journal-title":"X-ray diagnosis of gas in tissues"},{"key":"bibr36-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"36 Whitehead IR. Medical Women and War Service. In: Doctors in the Great War. Barnsley: Pen &Sword Books; 1999. p. 107\u201325."},{"key":"bibr37-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"37 Geddes JF. Medicine with a mission: suffragettes as army surgeons. London: Royal College of Surgeons; 5 March 2009. http:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/museums\/hunterian\/events\/audio-video-andtranscripts\/archive-audio-video-and-transcripts (accessed 8 October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr38-JRCPE.2014.418","first-page":"789","volume":"1","author":"Makins GH.","year":"1917","journal-title":"The development of British surgery in the hospitals on the lines of communication in France"},{"key":"bibr39-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"39 McLaren ES. A History of the Scottish Women\u2019s Hospitals. London: Hodder and Stoughton; 1919. p.viii."},{"key":"bibr40-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"40 Ivens F. Women doctors. The Times 27 June 1919,19."},{"key":"bibr41-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"41Anon. Medical Women\u2019s Federation. Supplement to the Br Med J 28 October 1922; 165."},{"key":"bibr42-JRCPE.2014.418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42 Ivens F. Women doctors. Br Med J 1925;1: 192. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2196582\/pdf\/brmedj04312-0050a.pdf","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3343.192"},{"key":"bibr43-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"43Le Gonidec N. Personal Interview. 6 March 2012."},{"key":"bibr44-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"44 Savill A. Letter to Mr Henri Go\u00fcin. 20 May 1950. Mme Daudy, private archives."},{"key":"bibr45-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"45 Bouvier R. Le monument des dames Ecossaises \u00e0 Asni\u00e8res sur Oise. 1968. Royaumont Abbey archives."},{"key":"bibr46-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"46Salles Bruyas C. Royaumont: les femmes Ecossaises \u00e0 l\u2019honneur. L\u2019Echo R\u00e9gional. 23 December 1998."},{"key":"bibr47-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"47 Walter M. Quand l\u2019abbaye \u00e9tait h\u00f4pital de guerre. Gazette du Val d\u2019Oise. 31 March 1999."},{"key":"bibr48-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"48Anon. Quand l\u2019abbaye \u00e9tait h\u00f4pital- souvenir. Asni\u00e8res sur Oise December 1998. Mme Daudy, private archives."},{"key":"bibr49-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"49 Guyon J, Corda J. Hommage royal aux infirmi\u00e8res \u00e9cossaises \u2013 l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement. Le Parisien 3 February 2005. http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/val - d-oi se\/hommage- royal - aux- i n f i rmi eres-ecos sai s es-03-02-2005-2005670560.php"},{"key":"bibr50-JRCPE.2014.418","unstructured":"50Tribute to Scot\u2019s own Florence Nightingale. 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