{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:00:06Z","timestamp":1777892406754,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>William Gowers and William Osler first met in 1878, and Osler visited Gowers often when in London. Osler dedicated his book On Chorea and Choreiform Affections to Gowers in 1894, addressing himself as Gowers\u2019 sincere friend. Two warm letters between Osler and Gowers exist in the Osler Library Archives, highlighting their strong friendship, and Gowers\u2019 son Ernest wrote Osler a letter after the death of his father. Referring to the relationship between William Osler and William Gowers, he noted that Osler had indeed been a good friend to him all through. Osler wrote and edited the first edition of his textbook from 1890 through early 1892, and was influenced by Gowers\u2019 Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System. In 1913, Osler commented that Gowers had ataxic paraplegia. Macdonald Critchley disagreed, and felt that Gowers had generalised cerebrovascular degeneration. Osler and Gowers were close friends, and this friendship was mutually beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2016.112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T11:08:09Z","timestamp":1493809689000},"page":"55-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gowers and Osler: Good friends \u2018all through'"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"CJ","family":"Boes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199692316.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1927.1657"},{"key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"A Manual and Atlas of Medical Ophthalmoscopy","author":"Gowers WR","year":"1879"},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"Pseudo-hypertrophic Muscular Paralysis","author":"Gowers WR","year":"1879"},{"key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"The Diagnosis of Diseases of the Spinal Cord","author":"Gowers WR","year":"1880"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"The Diagnosis of Diseases of the Spinal Cord","author":"Gowers WR","year":"1881","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System","volume":"1","author":"Gowers WR","year":"1886"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1411377"},{"key":"bibr9-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"Sir William Gowers 1845\u20131915: A Biographical Appreciation","author":"Critchley M","year":"1949"},{"key":"bibr10-jrcpe.2016.112","first-page":"7","volume-title":"A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System: Notes from the Editors (booklet inserted into Classics of Medicine Library reprint of Gowers\u2019 Manual)","author":"Critchley M","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr11-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095952878807100125"},{"key":"bibr12-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2836.828"},{"key":"bibr13-jrcpe.2016.112","volume-title":"William Osler: A Life in Medicine","author":"Bliss M","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr14-jrcpe.2016.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boes CJ. 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