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Risk of sudden cardiac or arrhythmogenic death is greatly exaggerated in chronic kidney disease, particularly in patients with end stage renal disease where the risk is roughly 20 times that of the general population. The reasons for this increased risk are not entirely understood and while atherosclerosis is accelerated in the presence of chronic kidney disease, premature myocardial infarction does not solely account for the excess risk. Recent work demonstrates that the structure and function of the heart starts to alter early in chronic kidney disease, independent of other risk factors. The implications of cardiac remodelling and hypertrophy may predispose chronic kidney disease patients to heart failure, arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia. Further research is needed to minimise cardiovascular risk associated with structural and functional heart disease associated with chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2017.117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T10:44:14Z","timestamp":1498646654000},"page":"76-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["What Happens to the Heart in Chronic Kidney Disease?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK and Renal Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PB","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular 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