{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:29:40Z","timestamp":1783466980589,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This story is of particular interest and importance to Edinburgh and Scottish medicine. It describes the events in one general medical practice in Edinburgh, the Muirhouse Medical Group, and their impact and relationship to the AIDS pandemic. For many, the origin of HIV in the UK is now history. Since the introduction of HIV\/AIDS into the intravenous illegal drug using community, much has changed but problems remain that should concern policy makers and clinicians. Reflections on the recent history of the HIV epidemic among drug users in the UK provide important insights into risks for current policy making and the potentially problematic direction that policy has taken. Rather than starting from a pragmatic baseline of harm minimisation, with its low cost, high impact, prevention approach, the emphasis, and consequently the resources, has been on a model of recovery which fails to acknowledge the fragile control maintained by early intervention and supporting treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In 2015, the re-emergence of HIV in a vulnerable inner city population of people who inject drugs highlighted a policy failure. An ongoing epidemic could and should have been prevented, as should several other recent epidemics of other viral or bacterial infections in urban populations in Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The story of HIV is full of controversy, denial, prejudice and stigma. At all levels across the world from national presidents, governments and public opinion, progress has been impeded by these problems. People using drugs have an additional set of problems: criminality, poverty and marginalisation from education and the supports of main stream society. These continue to hamper efforts to improve lives and prevent disease<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2017.119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T05:28:00Z","timestamp":1536816480000},"page":"88-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Misadventure in Muirhouse. Hiv Infection: A Modern Plague and Persisting Public Health Problem"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, Muirhouse Medical Group, Edinburgh, UK, and Professor of Addiction Medicine, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6519.527"},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2016-101576"},{"issue":"5594","key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2017.119","first-page":"730","volume":"1","author":"Bewley TH","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br"},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2017.119","volume":"343","author":"Douglas C","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.3.619"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5616.454","volume":"3","author":"Infection risks of haemodialysis - some preventive aspects","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)91293-1"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2017.119","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Heroin Addiction and Drug Policy. The British System","author":"Robertson R","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr9-jrcpe.2017.119","volume-title":"Trainspotting","author":"Welsh I","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr10-jrcpe.2017.119","unstructured":"Treatment and Rehabilitation. Report from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs Home Office. London; 1984."},{"key":"bibr11-jrcpe.2017.119","unstructured":"Guidelines of Good Clinical Practice in the Treatment of Drug Misuse. Report of the Medical Working Party on Drug Dependence. London: DHSS; 2017, in press."},{"key":"bibr12-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198602063140604"},{"key":"bibr13-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199604010-00010"},{"key":"bibr14-jrcpe.2017.119","unstructured":"McClelland Report 1986. Edinburgh: Scottish Home and Health Department."},{"key":"bibr15-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198906000-00005"},{"key":"bibr16-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6867.1447"},{"key":"bibr17-jrcpe.2017.119","volume-title":"Sexual Behaviour of the Human Female","author":"Kinsey A","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr18-jrcpe.2017.119","volume-title":"Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male","author":"Kinsey AC","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr19-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6719.219"},{"key":"bibr20-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(96)80010-7"},{"key":"bibr21-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)91677-7"},{"key":"bibr22-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680710001108"},{"key":"bibr23-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70532-8"},{"key":"bibr24-jrcpe.2017.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-11-971"},{"key":"bibr25-jrcpe.2017.119","unstructured":"National Anthrax Outbreak Control Team. 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