{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:16:39Z","timestamp":1787912199614,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>By the mid-19th century about 200,000 miners were employed in a UK coal mining industry still growing with the advances of the Industrial Revolution. Coal miners were long known to suffer poor health but the link to inhaling dust in the mines had not been made. In 1813 George Pearson was the first to suggest that darkening of lungs seen in normal individuals as they aged was caused by inhaled soot from burning oil, candles and coal, which were the common domestic sources of heat and light. In 1831 Dr James Craufurd Gregory first described black pigmentation and disease in the lungs of a deceased coal miner and linked this to pulmonary accumulation of coal mine dust. Gregory hypothesised that the black material seen at autopsy in the collier's lungs was inhaled coal dust and this was confirmed by chemical analysis carried out by Professor Sir Robert Christison. Gregory suggested that coal dust was the cause of the disease and warned physicians in mining areas to be vigilant for the disease. This first description of what came to be known as \u2018coal worker's pneumoconiosis\u2019 sparked a remarkable intellectual effort by physicians in Scotland, culminating in a large body of published work that led to the first understandings of this disease and its link to coal-blackened lungs. This paper sets out the history of the role of Scottish physicians in gaining this understanding of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. It describes Gregory's case and the lung - recently discovered in the pathology collection of the Surgeons\u2019 Hall Museums, Edinburgh, where it has lain unnoticed for over 180 years - on which Gregory based his landmark paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2017.317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1522064755000},"page":"296-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["James Craufurd Gregory, 19Th Century Scottish Physicians, and the Link between Occupation as a Coal Miner and Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgeons\u2018 Hall Museums, Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WA","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgeons Hall Museums, Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgeons Hall Museums, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2017.317","unstructured":"Evelyn J. Fumifugium, or, The inconveniencie of the aer and smoak of London dissipated together with some remedies humbly proposed by J.E. esq. to His Sacred Majestie, and to the Parliament now assembled. Printed by W. Godbid for G. Bedel and T. Collins London; 1661."},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2017.317","volume-title":"Change of Air, or the pursuit of health and recreation","author":"Johnson J","year":"1837","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2017.317","first-page":"159","author":"Pearson G","year":"1813","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London"},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2017.317","volume-title":"A treatise on the diseases of the chest and on mediate auscultation translated from the latest French edition with copious notes and a sketch of the author's life by John Forbes","author":"Laennec RTH","year":"1835"},{"key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2017.317","first-page":"127","volume":"8","author":"Meiklejohn A","year":"1951","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2017.317","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Occupational Lung Disease","author":"Seaton A","year":"1995","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2017.317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)80729-2"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2017.317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095952873702000114"},{"key":"bibr9-jrcpe.2017.317","unstructured":"Hunter D. The Diseases of Occupations. English Universities Press; 1955. p.1\u20131100."},{"key":"bibr10-jrcpe.2017.317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.01080766","volume":"1","author":"Mosquera JA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"bibr11-jrcpe.2017.317","first-page":"389","volume":"36","author":"Gregory JC","year":"1831","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"key":"bibr12-jrcpe.2017.317","first-page":"91","volume":"2","author":"Hirt L","year":"1872","journal-title":"The Clinic. 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