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Crucially, early recognition and prompt initiation of a range of immunotherapies is likely to improve the outcomes of patients with autoimmune encephalitis, particularly for those with identifiable antibodies against neuronal cell surface proteins. There are a rapidly growing number of specific autoantibodies and associated syndromes, but many of these remain very rare. The majority of cases comprise anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis or anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis with the remaining cases a mixture of over 10 other specific antibodies or being seronegative. The core anti-NMDA encephalitis phenotype is a distinct symptom complex involving psychiatric and neurological features and anti-LGI1 encephalitis presents with cognitive changes and distinct seizure types. Diagnosis can be delayed owing to limited access to specialised laboratory testing or in cases with atypical or limited features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2019.407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:15:08Z","timestamp":1575544508000},"page":"287-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Autoimmune Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"John Aaron","family":"Goodfellow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Neurologist, Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham Andrew","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Neurologist, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, 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