{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:03:36Z","timestamp":1777892616243,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sarcoidosis remains difficult to diagnose, assess and treat. The last decade has brought significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the field of sarcoidosis including endobronchial ultrasound,\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and biologics. In this article we use clinical vignettes to discuss commonly encountered cases to illustrate and explain the application of these, and other advances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T05:53:01Z","timestamp":1599803581000},"page":"322-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Update"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"May Khei","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Foundation Doctor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinic C, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honorary Research Fellow, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen J","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Respiratory Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinic C, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2020.324","unstructured":"Hutchinson J. Anomalous diseases of skin and fingers: case of livid papillary psoriasis? In: Illustrations of clinical surgery London: J and A Churchill; 1877. pp.42\u20133."},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8480-0"},{"key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2020.324","volume":"367","author":"Culver DA","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thillai M, Atkins C, Crawshaw A. BTS Clinical Statement on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. 2019. https:\/\/www.brit-thoracic.org.uk\/document-library\/clinical-statements\/sarcoidosis\/bts-sarcoidosis-clinical-statement\/ (accessed 1\/3\/20).","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214348"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2020.324","volume":"63","author":"Wells AU","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"149","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake GW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffus lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5261.1165"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.003"},{"key":"bibr9-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.499"},{"key":"bibr10-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9754-4"},{"key":"bibr11-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"194","volume":"32","author":"Harlander M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffus Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr12-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.186"},{"key":"bibr13-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30064-X"},{"key":"bibr14-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109442"},{"key":"bibr15-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328902600102"},{"key":"bibr16-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8475-x"},{"key":"bibr17-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3206"},{"key":"bibr18-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.241035076"},{"key":"bibr19-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.031047"},{"key":"bibr20-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.3.1503008"},{"key":"bibr21-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.03.004"},{"key":"bibr22-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"139","volume":"22","author":"Teirstein AS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis, Vasc Diffus Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr23-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00610"},{"key":"bibr24-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2339"},{"key":"bibr25-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.02.014"},{"key":"bibr26-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283056a61"},{"key":"bibr27-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"257","volume":"44","author":"Maruchella A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"bibr28-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.11.011"},{"key":"bibr29-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1.109"},{"key":"bibr30-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90150-Y"},{"key":"bibr31-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.10.004"},{"key":"bibr32-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70417-2"},{"key":"bibr33-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"130","volume":"28","author":"Zappala CJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffus Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr34-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008"},{"key":"bibr35-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70276-5"},{"key":"bibr36-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.09.003"},{"key":"bibr37-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.14.65"},{"key":"bibr38-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0323-0"},{"key":"bibr39-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.8.742"},{"key":"bibr40-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283642a7a"},{"key":"bibr41-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9809024"},{"key":"bibr42-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283642ad0"},{"key":"bibr43-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00002512"},{"key":"bibr44-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316661926"},{"key":"bibr45-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.021"},{"key":"bibr46-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0508"},{"key":"bibr47-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.011"},{"key":"bibr48-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.03.021"},{"key":"bibr49-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328363ed0d"},{"key":"bibr50-jrcpe.2020.324","first-page":"66","volume":"55","author":"Keijsers RG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bibr51-jrcpe.2020.324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2013.06.007"},{"key":"bibr52-jrcpe.2020.324","unstructured":"Case courtesy of Associate Prof Craig Hacking, Radiopaedia. org, rID:71482."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:33:29Z","timestamp":1777617209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-2715","2042-8189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-2715","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-8189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}}}