{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:04:02Z","timestamp":1777892642066,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines the emergence of scurvy in several parts of Lowland Scotland during 1847. At first the condition was not recognised because of a mistaken, persistent belief that scurvy was only seen at sea, despite the work of James Lind who showed that sea and land scurvy were one and the same. Professor Christison failed initially to recognise the disease and wrongly thought it was caused by a lack of milk in the diet; colleagues elsewhere correctly attributed scurvy to the loss of the potato in the diet of the poor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T07:50:47Z","timestamp":1610351447000},"page":"444-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Scottish Scurvy Epidemic of 1847"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"MacGillivray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired Otolaryngologist, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Honorary Post-Doctoral Fellow in Scottish History, University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"The Lancet, 26 June 1847; 676 & 677."},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2020.421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/203805a0"},{"key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Devine T. The Great Highland Famine: Hunger, Emigration and the Scottish Highlands in the Nineteenth Century. Edinburgh: John Donald;1988. 33\u201340 quoting the Inverness Courier, 29 April1846."},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2020.421","volume-title":"The Potato","author":"Zuckerman L","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2020.421","volume-title":"The Potato Disease in Scotland","author":"Johnston JFW","year":"1845"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1834\u2013 1843. Edinburgh; 1834\u20131844; 97\u2013100; Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1844\u20131853. Edinburgh; 1844\u20131853. 4, 5 &37\u201340."},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2020.421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamminga H, Cunningham A. Introduction: The Science and Culture of Nutrition 1840\u20131940. In: Kamminga H, Cunningham A, editors. The Science and Culture of Nutrition 1840\u20131940. Atlanta: 1995.3.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004418417_003"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2020.421","first-page":"872","volume":"7","author":"Anon","year":"1847","journal-title":"Monthly Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr9-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Christison R. On Scurvy, Monthly Journal of Medical Science 1847; 8. 1\u20133 &13."},{"key":"bibr10-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections, Lothian Health Services Archive: Journal of Clinical Medical Ward 1, Male. 21 January 1847 to 6 October 1847: 111; Comrie J. History of Scottish Medicine. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cox; 1932.706."},{"key":"bibr11-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.nutrition.org.uk\/attachments\/article\/234\/ Nutrition Requirements Revised Oct 2016.pdf accessed 30 April 2019.Analysis of Infirmary Diets was carried out by M.Clapham, Senior Lecturer, Public Health Nutrition, Queen Margaret University."},{"key":"bibr12-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Journal Ward 1.111."},{"key":"bibr13-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Christison. On Scurvy.8."},{"key":"bibr14-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Journal Ward 1. 69 &74."},{"key":"bibr15-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Smith T. Master and Servant. In: Paton H. and Campbell G. An Introduction to Scottish Legal History. Edinburgh: for the Stair Society; 1958.143."},{"key":"bibr16-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Christison. On Scurvy, 10-13; Baly W. On the prevention of Scurvy in Prisons, Pauper Lunatic Asylums &c, London Medical Gazette, 10 February 1843.697\u2013703."},{"key":"bibr17-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Christison, On Scurvy.13."},{"key":"bibr18-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Dr William Budd (1811\u20131880) was a distinguished English physician and epidemiologist; Dr William Baly (1814\u20131861) was a London physician."},{"key":"bibr19-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections, Christison Papers, Dietetics II, Faulty Food and its Effects.110."},{"key":"bibr20-jrcpe.2020.421","first-page":"76","volume":"8","author":"Ritchie C.","year":"1847","journal-title":"Monthly Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr21-jrcpe.2020.421","first-page":"149","volume":"70","author":"Steele J","year":"1848","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"key":"bibr22-jrcpe.2020.421","first-page":"97","volume":"8","author":"Lonsdale H","year":"1847","journal-title":"Monthly Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr23-jrcpe.2020.421","volume":"8","author":"Anderson A","year":"1847","journal-title":"Monthly Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr24-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Kamminga and Cunningham. Introduction: The Science and Culture of Nutrition: 1840\u20131940: 5; Bernal J. Science in History. London: Watts & Co; 1965. 392 & 477; von Liebig J. Chemistry and its Applications to Agricultural Physiology. 1846; Brock W.H. Justus von Liebig. The Chemical Gatekeeper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997: 195 &216\u2013217."},{"key":"bibr25-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections, Christison Papers, Faulty Food and its Effects; Lothian Health Services Archive, Minutes of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, April 1843; the Board of Supervision was created under the Act for the Amendment and better Administration of the Laws relating to the Relief of the Poor in Scotland, 8 and 9 Vict. cap 83.1845."},{"key":"bibr26-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Crawford EM. Subsistence Crises and Famines in Ireland: A Nutritionist's View. In: Crawford EM, editor.Famine: the Irish Experience 900\u20131900. Edinburgh: John Donald; 1989. 209 quoting Silvia Noble & Jane Mary Woodhill. Vitamin C, The Mysterious Redox-System \u2013 A Trigger of Life? Lancaster; 1981: 15\u201318;"},{"key":"bibr27-jrcpe.2020.421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26a. Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013:194.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199754038.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr28-jrcpe.2020.421","first-page":"56","volume-title":"The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C","author":"Porter R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr29-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Hosack D. A System of Practical Nosology. New York; 1821:341\u2013342."},{"key":"bibr30-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Carpenter. The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C.: 98 &10."},{"key":"bibr31-jrcpe.2020.421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2017.417"},{"key":"bibr32-jrcpe.2020.421","unstructured":"Lind J. A Treatise on the Scurvy. 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