{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:03:15Z","timestamp":1784156595846,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma, collecting system and\/or perinephric tissues, characterized by gas accumulation. We describe clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with EPN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study was carried out at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between 2014 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed 20 patients (mean age 49.4 years; females 70%). Risk factors for EPN were diabetes mellitus (in 100%) and renal stones (in 10%). Fever, loin pain, vomiting and dysuria were common. Complications included acute kidney injury (AKI, 70%; mostly stage 1, 78.6%), hyponatraemia (55%) and bacteraemia (15%). Escherichia coli was the most common (60%) urinary isolate. Most patients (80%) had class 2 EPN, with 15% class 3B and 5% class 3A. Besides medical management, four (20%) required surgery (nephrectomy in 3). Nephrectomised patients had a higher radiological class (p = 0.032) and incidence of AKI (p = 0.034). No deaths occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EPN occurred predominantly in female diabetic patients, who presented with fever, loin pain, vomiting and dysuria. Two-thirds of patients had AKI and one-fifth required surgery, and there were no deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2021.106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T15:26:09Z","timestamp":1620833169000},"page":"19-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Abdur","family":"Rahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehruba Alam","family":"Ananna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarwar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khwaja Nazim","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar Ahmed","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-017-1706-8"},{"key":"bibr2-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2016.14227"},{"key":"bibr3-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.797"},{"key":"bibr4-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.261351"},{"key":"bibr5-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003573"},{"key":"bibr6-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP62473"},{"key":"bibr7-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_17_19"},{"key":"bibr8-jrcpe.2021.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","volume":"2","author":"Disease Kidney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Inter 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