{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T04:04:55Z","timestamp":1745640295496,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a serious health problem in Odisha,  India. A new form of severe CKD affecting adults, not due to traditional risk factors like diabetes,  hypertension, glomerulonephritis, has been reported in Sri Lanka, Central America, and Egypt in  the last two decades. This has been named CKD of unknown origin (CKDu), and it is fatal due to late  recognition and rapid disease progression. The aim of the study was to elucidate the association  between different sociodemographic, and biochemical parameters with renal morphology in  CKD of unknown origin patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 consecutive patients with CKD from the  period January 2018 to December 2018. Patients in the age group 18\u201360 years who met clinical  criteria for CKD were included. Participants answered a questionnaire. After the necessary history,  clinical evaluation, and blood and urine analyses, a kidney biopsy was undertaken. Kidney biopsy  was feasible in 51 patients as the rest 61 patients had shrunken kidneys and 12 patients did not  give consent. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic  kidney disease, obstructive kidney disease or any other congenital diseases, snakebite, pregnancy,  malignancy, gout, primary hyperparathyroidism, infectious diseases like human immunodeficiency  virus (HIV), TB, Hepatitis B and C, malaria, syphilis, leprosy and coagulopathies were excluded.  Among the 51 patients, 23 had CKDu, 25 had chronic glomerulonephritis and three biopsies  were inconclusive. Results: The mean age of CKDu patients was 36.78 \u00b1 9.85 years. Males (73.9%) were predominantly  affected. A family history of CKD was seen in 82.6% of CKDu cases. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia  were predominant biochemical abnormalities in our CKDu cases. Binary logistic regression showed  rural residence, family history of CKD, exposure to smoke from burning coal, charcoal, or biomass  fuels, low socioeconomic status, and low body mass index were strongly associated with CKDu.  There was an increased risk of developing CKDu in persons with a family history of CKD [p = 0.003,  odds ratio (OR)\u2014 17.58], persons exposed to smoke from burning coal, charcoal or biomass fuels  (p = 0.003, OR- 32.4), and patients with low socio-economic status (p = 0.001, OR- 15.87). Interstitial  fibrosis (IF), interstitial inflammation with mononuclear infiltration, tubular atrophy (TA), and global  glomerulosclerosis (GS) were pertinent histopathological findings in our study. Conclusion: There is no strong evidence for a single cause for CKDu, and multiple environmental,  occupational and social factors are probably involved. We need to design consistent and  comparative multisite studies to identify etiologies of CKDu, across high-risk populations that  may help elucidate the importance of region-specific vs global risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5005\/japi-11001-0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:04:50Z","timestamp":1681275890000},"page":"39-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinicopathological Study of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Odisha"],"prefix":"10.59556","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Parida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asaranti","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Routray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2914","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T10:57:10Z","timestamp":1745578630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/japi.org\/article\/files\/JAPI0115_p39-46_compressed.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/japi-11001-0115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5772"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-5772"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}}}