{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:41:37Z","timestamp":1780058497353,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Liver"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:57:45Z","timestamp":1444957065000},"page":"310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Simvastatin Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor in Bile Duct Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.5009","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Mi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Ah","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hee","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Joo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sea Hyub","family":"Kae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2920","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20537","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy","volume":"41","author":"Sirica, AE","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200110000-00010","article-title":"Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"234","author":"Jarnagin, WR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.6458","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: a compact review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Ustundag, Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0900-0","article-title":"Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival after aggressive surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Murakami, Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000203742.22828.bb","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line treatment for immunohistochemically proven cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Lee, GW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22310","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"48","author":"Blechacz, B","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37731","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R100034200","article-title":"PPARgamma: a nuclear regulator of metabolism, differentiation, and cell growth","volume":"276","author":"Rosen, ED","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22092","article-title":"Statins, stem cells, and cancer","volume":"106","author":"Gauthaman, K","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00613-X","article-title":"3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and Rho A prenylation","volume":"161","author":"Blanco-Colio, LM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122228799","article-title":"3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors prevent high glucose-induced proliferation of mesangial cells via modulation of Rho GTPase\/p21 signaling pathway: implications for diabetic nephropathy","volume":"99","author":"Danesh, FR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1101.098486","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-meth-ylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Takemoto, M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.01.010","article-title":"Simvastatin stimulates apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by inhibition of Rac1 activity","volume":"43","author":"Miller, T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.053","article-title":"Statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort of patients with diabetes","volume":"136","author":"El-Serag, HB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.64","article-title":"Statins and the risk of colorectal carcinoma: a nested case-control study in veterans with diabetes","volume":"104","author":"Hachem, C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043792","article-title":"Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"352","author":"Poynter, JN","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0734-3","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) activate expression of PPARalpha\/PPARgamma and ABCA1 in cultured gallbladder epithelial cells","volume":"55","author":"Lee, J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5779","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i46.5779","article-title":"A candidate targeting molecule of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor for gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"16","author":"Adachi, Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"249","article-title":"The insulin-like growth factor I receptor: a key to tumor growth?","volume":"55","author":"Baserga, R","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.18.1472","article-title":"Role of the insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression","volume":"92","author":"Yu, H","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050464","article-title":"Estrogens and insulin-like growth factor 1 modulate neoplastic cell growth in human cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"169","author":"Alvaro, D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600440","article-title":"Establishment and characterisation of six human biliary tract cancer cell lines","volume":"87","author":"Ku, JL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000065","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of lipophilic statins depends on their combined actions on HIF-1\u03b1 expression and redox status in B16.F10 melanoma cells","volume":"25","author":"Alupei, MC","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins selectively induce cell death in gynaecological cancers expressing high levels of HMGCoA reductase","volume":"14","author":"Kato, S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01773.x","article-title":"Statins inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in Barrett\u2019s esophageal adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"103","author":"Ogunwobi, OO","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8496-5","article-title":"Statins, Bcl-2, and apoptosis: cell death or cell protection?","volume":"48","author":"Wood, WG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2536","article-title":"Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia","volume":"8","author":"Pollak, M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.06.007","article-title":"The proliferating role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in cancer","volume":"21","author":"Gallagher, EJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.043","article-title":"Simvastatin inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor","volume":"372","author":"Sekine, Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23593","article-title":"Simvastatin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and in tumor xenografts, and attenuates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice","volume":"123","author":"Cho, SJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-008-0897-1","article-title":"Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of lovastatin and protein kinase C-beta inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"64","author":"Kim, W","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.08.005","article-title":"Simvastatin plus capecitabine-cisplatin versus placebo plus capecitabine-cisplatin in patients with previously untreated advanced gastric cancer: a double-blind randomised phase 3 study","volume":"50","author":"Kim, ST","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"561","article-title":"Statins induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in cholangiocarcinoma cells","volume":"39","author":"Kamigaki, M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e328364f935","article-title":"Simvastatin enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of S-1 against bile duct cancer: E2F-1\/TS downregulation might be the mechanism","volume":"24","author":"Cai, JP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anti-cancer Drugs"}],"container-title":["Gut and Liver"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pdf.medrang.co.kr\/ekjg\/ekjg010-02-21.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T16:21:55Z","timestamp":1567268515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.gutnliver.org\/journal\/view.html?doi=10.5009\/gnl15195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5009\/gnl15195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5009\/gnl15195","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-2283","2005-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-2283","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-1212","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]}}}