{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:19:36Z","timestamp":1793747976125,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":349,"publisher":"The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Liver"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T06:42:19Z","timestamp":1456987339000},"page":"177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current Status and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.5009","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Albert J","family":"Czaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2920","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Diverse manifestations and evolving treatments of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233530","article-title":"Special clinical challenges in autoimmune hepatitis: the elderly, males, pregnancy, mild disease, fulminant onset, and nonwhite patients","volume":"29","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2314","article-title":"Non-classical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis and advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.09.011","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in special patient populations","volume":"25","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.13.21","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in diverse ethnic populations and geographical regions","volume":"7","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1323","article-title":"Lupoid hepatitis","volume":"271","author":"Cowling, DC","year":"1956","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.4.4.378","article-title":"Active \u2018juvenile\u2019 cirrhosis considered as part of a systemic disease and the effect of corticosteroid therapy","volume":"4","author":"Read, AE","year":"1963","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01637.x","article-title":"Auto-immune (lupoid) hepatitis: an entity in the spectrum of chronic active liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Mackay, IR","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05921.x","article-title":"Gender effects and synergisms with histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"97","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.08.013","article-title":"Impact of gender on the long-term outcome and survival of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Al-Chalabi, T","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250308","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: a 20-year experience","volume":"25","author":"Gregorio, GV","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00182-4","article-title":"Clinical distinctions and pathogenic implications of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Brazil and the United States","volume":"37","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.04.007","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: a systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre","volume":"45","author":"Al-Chalabi, T","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21074","article-title":"Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly","volume":"43","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.5.713","article-title":"Characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in patients who are not of European Caucasoid ethnic origin","volume":"50","author":"Zolfino, T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.1.1.129","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis. Part B: diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23584","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Manns, MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2014.09.004","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of auto-immune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez, F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22322","article-title":"Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Hennes, EM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22513","article-title":"Performance parameters of the diagnostic scoring systems for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92024-1","article-title":"Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen","volume":"1","author":"Manns, M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01280.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigenic protein of the human tRNP(Ser)Sec complex recognized by autoantibodies from patients withtype-1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"121","author":"Costa, M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05479.x","article-title":"Antibodies to soluble liver antigen\/liver pancreas and HLA risk factors for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"97","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32092","article-title":"Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Ma, Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.259","article-title":"Establishment of standardised SLA\/LP immunoassays: specificity for autoimmune hepatitis, worldwide occurrence, and clinical characteristics","volume":"51","author":"Baeres, M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-006-9045-z","article-title":"Double reactivity against actin and alpha-actinin defines a severe form of autoimmune hepatitis type 1","volume":"26","author":"Gu\u00e9guen, P","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1268-4","article-title":"Autoantibodies as prognostic markers in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.12.009","article-title":"Alpha-actinin: a multi-disciplinary protein with important role in B-cell driven autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Oikonomou, KG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04908.x","article-title":"Anti-alpha actinin antibodies as new predictors of response to treatment in autoimmune hepatitis type 1","volume":"35","author":"Zachou, K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02502.x","article-title":"Prognostic implications of antibodies to Ro\/SSA and soluble liver antigen in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510123331502","article-title":"Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"333","author":"Johnson, PJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235259","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Gleeson, D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.931938","article-title":"Current and prospective pharmacotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"771","article-title":"Tacrolimus: a potential new treatment for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: results of an open-label preliminary trial","volume":"90","author":"Van Thiel, DH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010683817344","article-title":"Cyclosporin A is a promising alternative to corticosteroids in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Malekzadeh, R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1155\/2004\/504591","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in patients refractory to standard therapy","volume":"18","author":"Devlin, SM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000139050.67178.be","article-title":"Efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of steroid refractory autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Aqel, BA","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000177260.72692.e8","article-title":"Empiric therapy of autoimmune hepatitis with mycophenolate mofetil: comparison with conventional treatment for refractory disease","volume":"39","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.02.030","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in autoimmune hepatitis patients not responsive or intolerant to standard immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"5","author":"Inductivo-Yu, I","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02180.x","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil as second line therapy in autoimmune hepatitis? Mycophenolate mofetil in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Hennes, EM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.04.006","article-title":"A single center review of the use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"6","author":"Hlivko, JT","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0632-0","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune hepatitis: a single practice experience","volume":"54","author":"Wolf, DC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.046","article-title":"Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"139","author":"Manns, MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/891252","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in patients refractory or intolerant to conventional therapy","volume":"24","author":"Sharzehi, K","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04727.x","article-title":"The role of mycophenolate mofetil in the management of autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes","volume":"34","author":"Baven-Pronk, AM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.032","article-title":"Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-naive patients","volume":"55","author":"Zachou, K","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.12.40","article-title":"Drug choices in autoimmune hepatitis. Part A: steroids","volume":"6","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.12.38","article-title":"Drug choices in autoimmune hepatitis. Part B: nonsteroids","volume":"6","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/512132","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: focusing on treatments other than steroids","volume":"26","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"193","article-title":"Cyclosporine-A versus prednisolone for induction of remission in auto-immune hepatitis: interim analysis report of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Nasseri-Moghaddam, S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1122-8","article-title":"Emerging opportunities for site-specific molecular and cellular interventions in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"55","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798157568","article-title":"Promising pharmacological, molecular and cellular treatments of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812803251006","article-title":"Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part I","volume":"11","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.010","article-title":"Infliximab as a rescue treatment in difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Weiler-Normann, C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26023","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells in an autoimmune hepatitis murine model restores peripheral tolerance","volume":"57","author":"Lapierre, P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3284-2","article-title":"Targeting apoptosis in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12825","article-title":"Review article: chemokines as orchestrators of autoimmune hepatitis and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"40","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3473-z","article-title":"Cell mediators of autoimmune hepatitis and their therapeutic implications","volume":"60","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1019470","article-title":"Adoptive cell transfer in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2445-4","article-title":"Acute and acute severe (fulminant) autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000199332","article-title":"\u2018Acute\u2019 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Crapper, RM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80251-3","article-title":"The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation","volume":"21","author":"Nikias, GA","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"ref64","first-page":"49","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in the material of Department and Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Gda\u0144sk","volume":"9","author":"Michalska, Z","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch072","article-title":"Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: patterns of clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of the \u2018acute\u2019 type","volume":"97","author":"Ferrari, R","year":"2004","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MPG.0000158524.30294.E2","article-title":"Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of childhood fulminant hepatic failure in the United kingdom","volume":"40","author":"Lee, WS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24080","article-title":"Autoimmune acute liver failure: proposed clinical and histological criteria","volume":"53","author":"Stravitz, RT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0316-3","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Yasui, S","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2254-x","article-title":"Precise histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimen is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Fujiwara, K","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2445-4","article-title":"Reply: acute and acute severe (fulminant) autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00892.x","article-title":"Importance of computed tomography imaging features for the diagnosis of autoimmune acute liver failure","volume":"42","author":"Yasui, S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20732","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome","volume":"42","author":"Feld, JJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200207000-00016","article-title":"Prognosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis: a study of 68 patients","volume":"35","author":"Kogan, J","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01904.x","article-title":"Features and consequences of untreated type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"29","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-2017-z","article-title":"Autoantibody-negative autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1769-9","article-title":"Cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and its changing guise in adults","volume":"56","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90656-W","article-title":"The nature and prognosis of severe cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis","volume":"104","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109146","article-title":"Presumed cryptogenic liver disease in Germany: high prevalence of autoantibody-negative autoimmune hepatitis, low prevalence of NASH, no evidence for occult viral etiology","volume":"47","author":"Heringlake, S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.043","article-title":"Serologic markers do not predict histologic severity or response to treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Mehendiratta, V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05365.x","article-title":"Favorable outcomes of autoimmune hepatitis in a community clinic setting","volume":"23","author":"Seo, S","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9665-4","article-title":"Corticosteroid-responsive cryptogenic chronic hepatitis: evidence for seronegative autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Gassert, DJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"217","article-title":"Current status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan","volume":"62","author":"Miyake, Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.05.011","article-title":"The significance of autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in acute liver failure: a cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Bernal, W","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8 Pt 1","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05402.x","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of acute liver failure: retrospective analysis of 50 patients treated at a single center","volume":"23","author":"Hiramatsu, A","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80096-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"53","author":"McFarlane, IG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80096-8","article-title":"Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80342-0","article-title":"Clinical significance of autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Kanzler, S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90215-5","article-title":"High-titer antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in type-1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"108","author":"Targan, SR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32416","article-title":"Celiac disease in patients with severe liver disease: gluten-free diet may reverse hepatic failure","volume":"122","author":"Kaukinen, K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00313-6","article-title":"Liver abnormalities in celiac disease","volume":"2","author":"Abdo, A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"595","article-title":"Liver involvement in celiac disease","volume":"99","author":"Rubio-Tapia, A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-008-8086-x","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical significance of liver injury in celiac disease","volume":"36","author":"Volta, U","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438184","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/438184","article-title":"Hepatobiliary disorders in celiac disease: an update","volume":"2011","author":"Prasad, KK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00125.x","article-title":"Clinical features of Japanese type 1 autoimmune hepatitis patients with zone III necrosis","volume":"37","author":"Miyake, Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(02)00274-7","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Okano, N","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00246-0","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Kessler, WR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06052.x","article-title":"Acute autoimmune hepatitis presenting with centrizonal liver disease: case report and review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"Singh, R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00914.x","article-title":"Manifestations of nonsuppurative cholangitis in chronic hepatobiliary diseases: morphologic spectrum, clinical correlations and terminology","volume":"4","author":"Ludwig, J","year":"1984","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.7878","article-title":"Autoimmune cholangitis within the spectrum of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27562","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury","volume":"34","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0924.x","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of bile duct injury in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.08.039","article-title":"Cholestatic phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01999.x","article-title":"Variant forms of cholestatic diseases involving small bile ducts in adults","volume":"95","author":"Kim, WR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33202","article-title":"Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Angulo, P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280203","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: clinical features and response to therapy","volume":"28","author":"Chazouill\u00e8res, O","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280210","article-title":"Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"326","article-title":"The overlap syndromes of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06478-7","article-title":"De-novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"351","author":"Kerkar, N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.26756","article-title":"Graft dysfunction mimicking autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplantation in adults","volume":"34","author":"Heneghan, MA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.21449","article-title":"Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Koch, A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.33485","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation and other lessons of self-intolerance","volume":"8","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21809","article-title":"Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation: a disease continuum or a fresh start?","volume":"15","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2179-3","article-title":"Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"57","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198404000-00009","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis following orthotopic liver grafting","volume":"37","author":"Neuberger, J","year":"1984","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80017-8","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: evidence of recurrence of primary disease","volume":"30","author":"Ratziu, V","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.32981","article-title":"Incidence and recurrence of autoimmune\/alloimmune hepatitis in liver transplant recipients","volume":"8","author":"Molmenti, EP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.6.893","article-title":"A 10 year follow up study of patients transplanted for autoimmune hepatitis: histological recurrence precedes clinical and biochemical recurrence","volume":"52","author":"Duclos-Vall\u00e9e, JC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00117.x","article-title":"Long-term outcome of liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Vogel, A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199812270-00013","article-title":"Outcome of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"66","author":"Prados, E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200102000-00007","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis as a late complication of liver transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Hernandez, HM","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21796","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21525","article-title":"Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis and the success of aggressive corticosteroid withdrawal","volume":"14","author":"Campsen, J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200103150-00016","article-title":"De novo hepatitis with autoimmune antibodies and atypical histology: a rare cause of late graft dysfunction after pediatric liver transplantation","volume":"71","author":"Gupta, P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01682.x","article-title":"Antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) in patients with de novo immune hepatitis following liver transplantation","volume":"126","author":"Aguilera, I","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.05.030","article-title":"De novo auto-immune hepatitis in Korean children after liver transplantation: a single institution\u2019s experience","volume":"43","author":"Cho, JM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200107270-00018","article-title":"Posttransplant immune hepatitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients: incidence and maintenance therapy with azathioprine","volume":"72","author":"Andries, S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref127","first-page":"331","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation","volume":"68","author":"Duclos-Vall\u00e9e, JC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20209","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase T1 mismatch constitutes a risk factor for de novo immune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Aguilera, I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00009","article-title":"The variant forms of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"125","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.002","article-title":"Overlap syndromes: the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) position statement on a controversial issue","volume":"54","author":"Boberg, KM","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23294","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"51","author":"Chapman, R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor, KD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-4-3","article-title":"The revised international autoimmune hepatitis score in chronic liver diseases including autoimmune hepatitis\/overlap syndromes and autoimmune hepatitis with concurrent other liver disorders","volume":"4","author":"Papamichalis, PA","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.03.005","article-title":"Comparison of simplified score with the revised original score for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis: a new or a complementary diagnostic score?","volume":"42","author":"Gatselis, NK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.03.004","article-title":"Paris criteria are effective in diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kuiper, EM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22742","article-title":"Liver biopsy","volume":"49","author":"Rockey, DC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.07.016","article-title":"Patients with typical laboratory features of autoimmune hepatitis rarely need a liver biopsy for diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson, E","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12381","article-title":"Review article: the management of autoimmune hepatitis beyond consensus guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180435","article-title":"Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group","volume":"18","author":"Johnson, PJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093820","article-title":"Validation of scoring system for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Czaja, A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23042","article-title":"Diagnostic value and utility of the simplified International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) criteria in acute and chronic liver disease","volume":"50","author":"Yeoman, AD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230612","article-title":"Features of autoimmune hepatitis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of 114 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients according to a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Boberg, KM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.010","article-title":"Comparability of probable and definite autoimmune hepatitis by international diagnostic scoring criteria","volume":"140","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05703.x","article-title":"Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: an evaluation of a modified scoring system","volume":"97","author":"Talwalkar, JA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01136.x","article-title":"Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Silveira, MG","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.616","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis-PBC overlap syndrome: a simplified scoring system may assist in the diagnosis","volume":"105","author":"Neuhauser, M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02524.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value and utility of the simplified International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group criteria in acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Fujiwara, K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626","article-title":"Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver\/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of \u201cautoimmune\u201d hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Homberg, JC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91518-9","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to liver\/kidney microsome type 1 in adults with chronic active hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178696","article-title":"Allelic basis for HLA-encoded susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"112","author":"Strettell, MD","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"2197","article-title":"Genetic distinctions between types 1 and 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01229.x","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2","volume":"94","author":"Bittencourt, PL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.034","article-title":"HLA class II influences humoral autoimmunity in patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Djilali-Saiah, I","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"1206","article-title":"The validity and importance of subtypes in autoimmune hepatitis: a point of view","volume":"90","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13210","article-title":"Type 1 and type 2 autoimmune hepatitis in adults share the same clinical phenotype","volume":"41","author":"Muratori, P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1501-1","article-title":"Performance parameters of the conventional serological markers for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"56","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000004522.36120.08","article-title":"Non-organ-specific autoantibodies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: prevalence and correlates","volume":"48","author":"Loria, P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30444.x","article-title":"The prevalence of autoantibodies and autoimmune hepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"99","author":"Adams, LA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26666","article-title":"Antismooth muscle and antiactin antibodies are indirect markers of histological and biochemical activity of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Couto, CA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90078-7","article-title":"Patterns of nuclear immunofluorescence and reactivities to recombinant nuclear antigens in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"107","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80308-4","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to histones in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240515","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to actin in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22131","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis\/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Gregorio, GV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.1995.tb00026.x","article-title":"Absence of anti-LKM-1 antibody in hepatitis C viral infection in the United States of America","volume":"2","author":"Reddy, KR","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80281-8","article-title":"Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with chronic C virus hepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Abuaf, N","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9495-4","article-title":"Evidence of a genetic basis for the different geographic occurrences of liver\/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 in hepatitis C","volume":"52","author":"Muratori, P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115443","article-title":"LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase","volume":"88","author":"Manns, MP","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.277","article-title":"Key residues of a major cytochrome P4502D6 epitope are located on the surface of the molecule","volume":"169","author":"Ma, Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(05)40004-9","article-title":"Autoantibodies in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2.1.33","article-title":"The role of autoantibodies as diagnostic markers of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200310000-00011","article-title":"Autoantibodies in the diagnosis and management of liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1313.028","article-title":"Diagnostic value of anti-F-actin antibodies in a French multicenter study","volume":"1050","author":"Chretien-Leprince, P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00830.x","article-title":"Evaluation of F-actin ELISA for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"101","author":"Frenzel, C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.027367","article-title":"Antibodies to filamentous actin (F-actin) in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Granito, A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.07.011","article-title":"An actin-myosin functional assay for analysis of smooth muscle (anti-microfilament) autoantibodies in human plasma","volume":"338","author":"Martinez-Neira, R","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.02.023","article-title":"Smooth muscle auto-antibodies with F-actin specificity","volume":"8","author":"Soares, A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.053","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"139","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8920","article-title":"Human skeletal muscle-specific alpha-actinin-2 and -3 isoforms form homodimers and heterodimers in vitro and in vivo","volume":"248","author":"Chan, Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12022","article-title":"Antibodies to soluble liver antigen in patients with various liver diseases: a multicentre study","volume":"33","author":"Efe, C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80361-X","article-title":"Antibodies to soluble liver antigen: an additional marker in type 1 auto-immune hepatitis","volume":"33","author":"Ballot, E","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E","article-title":"Antibodies to soluble liver antigen, P450IID6, and mitochondrial complexes in chronic hepatitis","volume":"105","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02166-8","article-title":"Identification of target antigen for SLA\/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Wies, I","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.07.005","article-title":"SLA\/LP\/tRNP((Ser)Sec) antigen in autoimmune hepatitis: identification of the native protein in human hepatic cell extract","volume":"34","author":"Volkmann, M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00479.x","article-title":"Pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis: outcome and risk factors","volume":"101","author":"Schramm, C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(07)62258-2","article-title":"Antibody responses specific for soluble liver antigen co-occur with Ro-52 autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (abstract)","volume":"46","author":"Liaskos, C","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.01986.x","article-title":"Significance of antibodies to soluble liver antigen\/liver pancreas: a large French study","volume":"29","author":"Eyraud, V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170310","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"17","author":"Mulder, AH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80144-9","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in chronic liver diseases: prevalence, titre, specificity and IgG subclass","volume":"24","author":"Bansi, D","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.157818","article-title":"p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver disorders recognise human betatubulin isotype 5 and cross-react with microbial protein FtsZ","volume":"59","author":"Terjung, B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250510","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in type 1 and 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Zauli, D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9366","article-title":"\u201cAtypical p-ANCA\u201d in IBD and hepatobiliary disorders react with a 50-kilodalton nuclear envelope protein of neutrophils and myeloid cell lines","volume":"119","author":"Terjung, B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.6.867","article-title":"High mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 are significant target antigens of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"44","author":"Sobajima, J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00325-8","article-title":"Clinical and immunological study of 7 patients with minocycline-induced autoimmune phenomena","volume":"105","author":"Elkayam, O","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-008-8088-8","article-title":"Atypical p-ANCA in PSC and AIH: a hint toward a \u201cleaky gut\u201d?","volume":"36","author":"Terjung, B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-1-2","article-title":"Autoantibodies and autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis: important tools in clinical practice and to study pathogenesis of the disease","volume":"1","author":"Zachou, K","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80241-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"32","author":"Roozendaal, C","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02195.x","article-title":"IgA class antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"133","author":"Schwarze, C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80026-5","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies reacting with the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor protein (hepatic lectin) in acute and chronic liver disorders","volume":"3","author":"McFarlane, BM","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110413","article-title":"Autoantibodies to human asialoglycoprotein receptor in autoimmune-type chronic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Treichel, U","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90129-5","article-title":"Demographics of anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"107","author":"Treichel, U","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088738","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051278","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to the asialoglycoprotein receptor in sera of children with auto-immune hepatitis","volume":"159","author":"Hajoui, O","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref203","first-page":"7","article-title":"Autoantibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor in chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"45","author":"Husa, P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"ref204","first-page":"99","article-title":"Anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor autoantibodies, detected by a capture-immunoassay, are associated with autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"56","author":"Yoshioka, M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01624.x","article-title":"Auto-immune features in patients with idiopathic chronic active hepatitis who are seronegative for conventional auto-antibodies","volume":"5","author":"Johnson, PJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91167-X","article-title":"Antibodies to liver-specific protein predict outcome of treatment withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"McFarlane, IG","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-012-0041-4","article-title":"Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR): a peculiar target of liver-specific autoimmunity","volume":"3","author":"Roggenbuck, D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.721","article-title":"Liver\/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type 1 concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Muratori, L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080632","article-title":"Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2","volume":"8","author":"Martini, E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160407","article-title":"Characterization of the liver cytosol antigen type 1 reacting with autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis","volume":"16","author":"Abuaf, N","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.5.749","article-title":"Liver cytosolic 1 antigen-antibody system in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"36","author":"Lenzi, M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0120","article-title":"Detection on immunoblot of new proteins from the soluble fraction of the cell recognized either by anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies type 1 or by anti-liver cytosol antibodies type 1: relationship with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"80","author":"Ballot, E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2003.11.001","article-title":"Anti-LC1 autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"22","author":"B\u00e9land, K","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-4-2","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis-specific antibodies against soluble liver antigen and liver cytosol type 1 in patients with chronic viral hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Rigopoulou, EI","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"ref215","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anti-liver cytosolic antigen type 1 (LC1) antibodies in childhood autoimmune liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Han, S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001702469","article-title":"Nonstandard antibodies as prognostic markers in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00192-X","article-title":"Detection of anti-liver cytosol antibody type 1 (anti-LC1) by immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting: comparison of different techniques","volume":"187","author":"Muratori, L","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00354-4","article-title":"Features and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 presenting with isolated positivity for anti-liver cytosol antibody","volume":"2","author":"Bridoux-Henno, L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70186-1","article-title":"Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase is an organ-specific autoantigen recognized by sera of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"116","author":"Lapierre, P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27179","article-title":"Distinct epitopes on formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase induce autoimmune liver cytosol antibody type 1","volume":"34","author":"Muratori, L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323857","article-title":"Characterization of the B cell response of patients with anti-liver cytosol autoantibodies in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"33","author":"Lapierre, P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2003.09.009","article-title":"Characterization of the antigenicity of the formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"292","author":"Renous, R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.11.876","article-title":"Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared","volume":"16","author":"Summerskill, WH","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref224","first-page":"423","article-title":"A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate","volume":"91","author":"Sandborn, WJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(00)00186-7","article-title":"Immunosuppressive drugs: the first 50 years and a glance forward","volume":"47","author":"Allison, AC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(67)90503-0","article-title":"Azathioprine (Imuran) and pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Rosenkrantz, JG","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00538.x","article-title":"Azathioprine use during pregnancy: unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites","volume":"101","author":"de Boer, NK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.002","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis and pregnancy: a rheumatologist\u2019s dilemma","volume":"35","author":"Candia, L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.1.97","article-title":"Management and outcome of pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Heneghan, MA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50014","article-title":"The safety of 6-mercaptopurine for childbearing patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"124","author":"Francella, A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520601155266","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis among fertile women: strategies during pregnancy and breast-feeding?","volume":"42","author":"Werner, M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22948","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of thiopurines on birth outcomes from female and male patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Akbari, M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.430","article-title":"Safety of thiopurines and anti-TNF-alpha drugs during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"108","author":"Casanova, MJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Array","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13708","article-title":"Long-term management and prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH): a single center experience","volume":"39","author":"Kanzler, S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00095-7","article-title":"Duration of immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Kanzler, S","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0478-6","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of thiopurines","volume":"64","author":"Sahasranaman, S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref237","first-page":"351","article-title":"Azathioprine-induced myelosuppression due to thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Ben Ari, Z","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00214-3","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase phenotype and genotype in relation to azathioprine therapy in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Langley, PG","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.011","article-title":"Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Heneghan, MA","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9336-5","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency and azathioprine intolerance in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01153.x","article-title":"Improving the end point of corticosteroid therapy in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis to reduce the frequency of relapse","volume":"102","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.02.026","article-title":"Rapidity of treatment response and outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90126-8","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of severe chronic active liver disease during and after corticosteroid therapy: correlation of serum transaminase and gamma globulin levels with histologic features","volume":"80","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12701","article-title":"Review article: permanent drug withdrawal is desirable and achievable for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040409","article-title":"Complete resolution of inflammatory activity following corticosteroid treatment of HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32485","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"35","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.09.009","article-title":"Relapse is almost universal after withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication in patients with autoimmune hepatitis in remission","volume":"58","author":"van Gerven, NM","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90862-6","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy of severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90866-5","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis of severe chronic active liver disease (CALD) after corticosteroid-induced remission","volume":"78","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030510","article-title":"Relapse following treatment withdrawal in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Hegarty, JE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01444.x","article-title":"Consequences of treatment withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21787","article-title":"Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Montano-Loza, AJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12042","article-title":"Systematic review: managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs","volume":"36","author":"Selvarajah, V","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.7.3.319","article-title":"Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41598.x","article-title":"Increased rates of early adverse reaction to azathioprine in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease compared to autoimmune hepatitis: a tertiary referral center experience","volume":"100","author":"Bajaj, JS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-012-0161-3","article-title":"Management of recalcitrant autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Hepatitis Rep"},{"key":"ref257","first-page":"221","article-title":"Failure of customary treatment in chronic active liver disease: causes and management","volume":"8","author":"Schalm, SW","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01141.x","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis type 1: safety and efficacy of prolonged medical therapy","volume":"25","author":"Seela, S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110621","article-title":"Low-dose corticosteroid therapy after multiple relapses of severe HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(00)00188-0","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action","volume":"47","author":"Allison, AC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1177\/096120330501400102","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"14","author":"Allison, AC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32117","article-title":"In utero exposure to mycophenolate mofetil: a characteristic phenotype?","volume":"146","author":"Perez-Aytes, A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32685","article-title":"Reviewing the evidence for mycophenolate mofetil as a new teratogen: case report and review of the literature","volume":"149","author":"Anderka, MT","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34622-9","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to mycophenolate mofetil: an updated estimate","volume":"32","author":"Klieger-Grossmann, C","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33934","article-title":"An additional patient with mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy: cardiac and facial analyses","volume":"155","author":"Lin, AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.05.042","article-title":"Budesonide versus prednisone with azathioprine for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in children and adolescents","volume":"163","author":"Woynarowski, M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.064","article-title":"Budesonide for juvenile autoimmune hepatitis? Not yet","volume":"163","author":"Mieli-Vergani, G","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i12.2681","article-title":"Side effects of budesonide in liver cirrhosis due to chronic autoimmune hepatitis: influence of hepatic metabolism versus portosystemic shunts on a patient complicated with HCC","volume":"9","author":"Geier, A","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.09.006","article-title":"Liver fibrosis may reduce the efficacy of budesonide in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Efe, C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.017","article-title":"Reactivation of autoimmune hepatitis during budesonide monotherapy, and response to standard treatment","volume":"54","author":"Lohse, AW","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.0010000001","article-title":"Failure of budesonide in a pilot study of treatment-dependent autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"119","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.011","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil to the rescue in autoimmune hepatitis: a fresh sprout on the decision tree","volume":"51","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.1999.00015.x","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil: is it worth the cost? The in-favor opinion","volume":"3","author":"Seikaly, MG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80065-8","article-title":"Short-term cyclosporine induces a remission of autoimmune hepatitis in children","volume":"30","author":"Alvarez, F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000235975.75120.38","article-title":"Follow-up of children with autoimmune hepatitis treated with cyclosporine","volume":"43","author":"Cuarterolo, M","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i23.3232","article-title":"Low-dose tacrolimus ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in steroid refractory autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Larsen, FS","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref277","first-page":"2811","article-title":"Cyclosporine-induced autoimmunity: critical role of autoregulation in the prevention of major histocompatibility class II-dependent autoaggression","volume":"25","author":"Hess, AD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00287.x","article-title":"De novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"37","author":"Lohse, AW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01107.x","article-title":"Transplant immunosuppressive agents in non-transplant chronic autoimmune hepatitis: the Canadian association for the study of liver (CASL) experience with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus","volume":"25","author":"Chatur, N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00801.x","article-title":"Rapamycin successfully treats posttransplant autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Kerkar, N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01262.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with the monoclonal antibody, rituximab: case report and review of literature","volume":"26","author":"Santos, ES","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3180f60b7a","article-title":"Rituximab-responsive cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Evans, JT","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1159\/000322693","article-title":"A case of autoimmune hepatitis treated with rituximab","volume":"4","author":"Barth, E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872011001100015","article-title":"Successful rituximab therapy in refractory autoimmune hepatitis and Evans syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Carey, EJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/512624","article-title":"Rituximab for the treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis who are refractory or intolerant to standard therapy","volume":"27","author":"Burak, KW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032821","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis associated with infliximab in a patient with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Germano, V","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20293","article-title":"Infliximab-induced lupus-like syndrome associated with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"14","author":"Marques, M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03088.x","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis associated with infliximab in a patient with palmoplantar pustular psoriaisis","volume":"34","author":"Fairhurst, DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.025","article-title":"Liver injury from tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists: analysis of thirty-four cases","volume":"11","author":"Ghabril, M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.01.021","article-title":"Risks of serious infection or lymphoma with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Dulai, PS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.062","article-title":"Risk of drug-induced liver injury from tumor necrosis factor antagonists","volume":"13","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson, ES","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(03)00591-8","article-title":"Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: fulminant versus chronic hepatitis presentation","volume":"35","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Mart\u00ednez, O","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233531","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: indications, results, and management of recurrent disease","volume":"29","author":"Tripathi, D","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35707","article-title":"Transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Neuberger, J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22244","article-title":"Outcomes in children who underwent transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Martin, SR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199707000-00003","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis in children after liver transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Birnbaum, AH","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199907270-00016","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"68","author":"Milkiewicz, P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.16666","article-title":"Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Reich, DJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02632.x","article-title":"Disease recurrence after liver transplantation in Western Australia","volume":"17","author":"Yusoff, IF","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812803250980","article-title":"Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part II","volume":"11","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37894","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of human gingivaderived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis via suppression of Th1 and Th17 cells and enhancement of regulatory T cell differentiation","volume":"65","author":"Chen, M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00639.x","article-title":"CTLA-4: a key regulatory point in the control of autoimmune disease","volume":"223","author":"Scalapino, KJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26067","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4\/immunoglobulin on a murine model of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Dhirapong, A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/337181a0","article-title":"Antibodies to CD3\/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures","volume":"337","author":"Smith, CA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1749","article-title":"CD3-specific antibody-induced immune tolerance involves transforming growth factor-beta from phagocytes digesting apoptotic T cells","volume":"14","author":"Perruche, S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.07.027","article-title":"New immunosuppressive approaches: oral administration of CD3-specific antibody to treat autoimmunity","volume":"274","author":"Ochi, H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.123","article-title":"Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"91","author":"Chatenoud, L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012864","article-title":"Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"346","author":"Herold, KC","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.008","article-title":"Impairment of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Longhi, MS","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4484","article-title":"Functional study of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"176","author":"Longhi, MS","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.029","article-title":"FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis are fully functional and not reduced in frequency","volume":"57","author":"Peiseler, M","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.042","article-title":"Fatal autoimmune hepatitis induced by concurrent loss of naturally arising regulatory T cells and PD-1-mediated signaling","volume":"135","author":"Kido, M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12415","article-title":"Successful immunotherapy of autoimmune cholangitis by adoptive transfer of forkhead box protein 3(+) regulatory T cells","volume":"178","author":"Tanaka, H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.11.001","article-title":"Mechanism of regulation of autoimmunity by iNKT cells","volume":"53","author":"Novak, J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.10.85","article-title":"Invariant NK T cells: potential for immunotherapeutic targeting with glycolipid antigens","volume":"3","author":"Van Kaer, L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v26.i5.50","article-title":"The role of NKT cells in animal models of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Dennert, G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2152","article-title":"P2X7 receptors regulate NKT cells in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"176","author":"Kawamura, H","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151679","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/151679","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells provide protection against radiation-induced liver injury by antioxidative process, vasculature protection, hepatocyte differentiation, and trophic effects","volume":"2013","author":"Francois, S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000214462.63943.14","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease","volume":"81","author":"Ringd\u00e9n, O","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8347-6","article-title":"Use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in chronic inflammatory fistulizing and fibrotic diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Voswinkel, J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182754c53","article-title":"Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with low-dose tacrolimus prevent acute rejection after renal transplantation: a clinical pilot study","volume":"95","author":"Peng, Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12592","article-title":"Review article: the prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2515","article-title":"Hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal, AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.08699.x","article-title":"Vitamin E and vitamin C treatment improves fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"98","author":"Harrison, SA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80263-3","article-title":"S-adenosylme-thionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Mato, JM","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.010","article-title":"S-adenosyl methionine improves early viral responses and interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatitis C nonresponders","volume":"140","author":"Feld, JJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G726","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00162.2009","article-title":"Effects of losartan on hepatic expression of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase and fibrogenic genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"297","author":"Colmenero, J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00266-0","article-title":"Enhanced intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Sanz-Cameno, P","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.01.005","article-title":"Oxidant stress in type I autoimmune hepatitis: the link between necroinflammation and fibrogenesis?","volume":"1689","author":"Pemberton, PW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02604.x","article-title":"Antioxidants as therapeutic agents for liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Singal, AK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2622-0","article-title":"May oxidative stress contribute to autoimmune hepatitis pathogenesis, and can antioxidants be of value as adjuvant therapy for refractory patients?","volume":"58","author":"Moreno-Otero, R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.SC0070207","article-title":"Orally-administered caspase inhibitor PF-03491390 is retained in the liver for prolonged periods with low systemic exposure, exerting a hepatoprotective effect against alpha-fas-induced liver injury in a mouse model","volume":"105","author":"Ueno, Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.060129","article-title":"The caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 attenuates hepatic injury and fibrosis in the bile duct ligated mouse","volume":"308","author":"Canbay, A","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.016","article-title":"Impact of pan-caspase inhibition in animal models of established steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"53","author":"Anstee, QM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04960.x","article-title":"Improvement of the survival rate after rat massive hepatectomy due to the reduction of apoptosis by caspase inhibitor","volume":"22","author":"Yoshida, N","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21664","article-title":"Oral IDN-6556, an antiapoptotic caspase inhibitor, may lower aminotransferase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"46","author":"Pockros, PJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-011-0620-2","article-title":"Low doses of the novel caspase-inhibitor GS-9450 leads to lower caspase-3 and -8 expression on peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells","volume":"16","author":"Arends, JE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2174\/1568008054863754","article-title":"Caspases as drug targets in ischemic organ injury","volume":"5","author":"Faubel, S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord"},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23489","article-title":"Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C","volume":"51","author":"Petta, S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26488","article-title":"Low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with high levels of hepatitis B virus replication in chronically infected patients","volume":"58","author":"Farnik, H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.024","article-title":"Marked 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with poor prognosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Tr\u00e9po, E","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3267-3","article-title":"Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with severe histological features and poor response to therapy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Efe, C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3526-y","article-title":"Oxidative stress might play a role in low serum vitamin D associated liver fibrosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Beyazit, Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12312","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased whole body fat mass and greater severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Dasarathy, J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.069831","article-title":"Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations","volume":"66","author":"Arnson, Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.046","article-title":"Vitamin D status is linked to biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial activation in obese children","volume":"161","author":"Codo\u00f1er-Franch, P","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2013.05.016","article-title":"Vitamin D in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Smyk, DS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3708-7","article-title":"Transitioning from idiopathic to explainable autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Czaja, AJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["Gut and Liver"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pdf.medrang.co.kr\/ekjg\/ekjg010-02-06.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1567663024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.gutnliver.org\/journal\/view.html?doi=10.5009\/gnl15352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"references-count":349,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5009\/gnl15352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5009\/gnl15352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-2283","2005-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-2283","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-1212","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]}}}