{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:16:33Z","timestamp":1792048593952,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE.<\/jats:bold>\n                    This pilot study is the first to examine the effects of an occupational therapist\u2013led African drumming group on mental well-being among adult psychiatric inpatients with mood disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHOD.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We used a quasi-experimental, uncontrolled, one-group, pretest\u2013posttest design. We collected data for six different drumming groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913) using the Stellenbosch Mood Scale, the Primary Health Questionnaire\u20139, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20137 scale, and the Enjoyment of Interaction Scale.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Participants significantly improved on all six domains of the Stellenbosch Mood Scale, with a large clinical effect. Participants with higher self-reported anxiety and depression benefited the most. According to the Enjoyment of Interaction Scale results, all the participants enjoyed the drumming \u201ca great deal.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our positive findings suggest that drumming may be an effective intervention for adults with acute mood disorders. We recommend further research that uses a control intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2018.021055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T12:52:40Z","timestamp":1530535960000},"page":"746-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Immediate Effect of African Drumming on the Mental Well-Being of Adults With Mood Disorders: An Uncontrolled Pretest\u2013Posttest Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Nicola Ann","family":"Plastow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicola Ann Plastow, PhD, MSc, BSc, PGCert, is Associate Professor and Department Head, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leani","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leani Joubert, BSc, is Occupational Therapist, Inclusive Education Team, Langerug School, Worcester, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushmika","family":"Chotoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yushmika Chotoo, BSc, is Community Service Occupational Therapist, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amee","family":"Nowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amee Nowers, BSc, is Occupational Therapist, Private Practice, Somerset West, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Greeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Megan Greeff, BSc, is Occupational Therapist, Princess Christian Home, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinka","family":"Strydom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinka Strydom, BSc, is Production Level Occupational Therapist, Dora Nginza Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisca","family":"Theron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marisca Theron, BSc, is Physical Rehabilitation Occupational Therapist, Life Riverfield Lodge, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"At the time of the study, Authors Joubert, Chotoo, Nowers, Greeff, Strydom, and Theron were Students, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emm\u00e9","family":"van Niekerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emm\u00e9 van Niekerk, BSc, is Clinical Educator, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and Occupational Therapist, Sereno Clinic, Paarl, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7049.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070252"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","volume-title":"Group dynamics in occupational therapy","author":"Cole M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cole M. 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