{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:30:21Z","timestamp":1786692621988,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Despite criticisms of disability simulation and the limited research on the topic, disability simulation activities are often used to increase understanding of the challenges faced by people with disabilities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To compare two disability awareness activities (disability simulation and an accessibility audit).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A matched pretest\u2013posttest design with two disability awareness activities to study attitudes, affect, cognitions, and behaviors toward disability.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A small college in New England.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Eighty-eight undergraduate students.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Intervention:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Participants took baseline tests online, after which they participated in a 1-hr on-campus activity. Participants were randomly assigned to either the disability simulation activity or the accessibility audit activity. Participants took posttest surveys online within 1 wk of completing the intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Results demonstrated that both activities lowered negative emotional responses toward people with disabilities, but participants who completed the tape measure activity had a larger decrease in scores. No significant differences were found between the scores of people who completed the different disability awareness activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Given the many criticisms of disability simulation practices and marginal differences between activities, it is time for disability simulation activities to be retired from use.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>What This Article Adds:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this study demonstrate that disability simulation is no better than an accessibility audit in improving attitudes toward people with disabilities. Therefore, educators should cease use of these activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T09:30:39Z","timestamp":1570527039000},"page":"1009-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alternative Educational Approach to Wheelchair Accessibility Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Roxanna N.","family":"Pebdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxanna N. Pebdani, PhD, CRC, FHEA, is Senior Lecturer, Discipline of Rehabilitation Counselling, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul J. Bourgeois, PhD, CRC, is Assistant Professor and Internship Coordinator, Clinical Mental Health Program, and Certified Rehabilitation Counselor, Psychology Department, University of New Haven, New Haven, CT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 Pub. L. 101\u2013336 42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 12101\u201312213 (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Psychometric analysis of the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale, Form O","volume":"23","author":"Antonak R. F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Antonak R. F. (1980). Psychometric analysis of the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale, Form O. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 23, 169\u2013176.","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1937156X.2012.11949361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Recent research with the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale: Some research abstracts","author":"Block J. R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Block J. R. (1974). Recent research with the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale: Some research abstracts. Albertson, NY: Human Resource Center."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00343552070500030401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07419325070280020601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02674649266780261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02674649266780061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10665684.2013.838484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2013-0099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"The effect of a disability camp program on attitudes towards the inclusion of children with disabilities in a summer sport and leisure activity camp","volume":"29","author":"Papaioannou C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papaioannou C., Evaggelinou C., , & Block M. (2014). The effect of a disability camp program on attitudes towards the inclusion of children with disabilities in a summer sport and leisure activity camp. International Journal of Special Education, 29, 121\u2013129.","journal-title":"International Journal of Special Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.4.4.316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550614559650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2009.00449.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001968"},{"issue":"40","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Children discover how it feels to be disabled","volume":"16","author":"Wood J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wood J. (1990). Children discover how it feels to be disabled. Therapy Weekly, 16(40), 10.","journal-title":"Therapy Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Developing constructive views of life with a disability","volume":"41","author":"Wright B. A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wright B. A. (1980). Developing constructive views of life with a disability. Rehabilitation Literature, 41, 274\u2013279.","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Literature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","volume-title":"A scale to measure attitudes towards disabled persons","author":"Yuker H. E.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Yuker H. E., Block J. R., , & Campbell W. J. (1960). A scale to measure attitudes towards disabled persons. Albertson, NY: Human Resources Center."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","volume-title":"The measurement of attitudes toward disabled persons","author":"Yuker H. E.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Yuker H. E., Block J. R., , & Younng J. H. (1970). The measurement of attitudes toward disabled persons. Albertson, NY: Human Resources Center."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/research.aota.org\/ajot\/article-pdf\/73\/6\/7306205080p1\/69808\/7306205080p1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:59:45Z","timestamp":1786690785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2019.036111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-7676","1943-7676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-7676","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]}}}