{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:29:15Z","timestamp":1786692555454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Knowledge of unmet school participation needs for students with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) can inform decisions regarding intervention support.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To compare students with and without CFM on school participation (i.e., frequency, involvement, desire for participation to change) and caregivers\u2019 perceptions of environmental support for participation in occupations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cross-sectional design using secondary analyses of a subset of data.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Multisite cohort study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Caregivers of students with CFM (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 120) and of students without CFM (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 315), stratified by history of education- and health-related service use.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    School participation and environmental support, obtained with the Participation and Environment Measure\u2013Children and Youth.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Significant group differences were found in frequency of school participation (effect size [ES] = \u22120.38, 95% confidence interval [\u22120.64, \u22120.12],\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .005), level of involvement (ES = \u22120.14,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .029), and desired change (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .001), with students with CFM exhibiting greater participation restriction than students without CFM and no history of service use. No statistically significant group differences were found in environmental support for participation in the school setting. Item-level findings showed statistically significant higher desire for participation to change in three of five school occupations (odds ratio = 1.77\u20132.39,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .003\u2013.045) for students with CFM compared with students without CFM and no history of service use.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results suggest that students with CFM experience restriction in participation at school.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>What This Article Adds:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Students with CFM may benefit from targeted school-based interventions to optimize their inclusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.041277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T20:46:51Z","timestamp":1613162811000},"page":"295-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Caregiver Perspectives on School Participation Among Students With Craniofacial Microsomia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Vera C.","family":"Kaelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vera C. Kaelin, MScOT, is PhD Student and Graduate Research Assistant, Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin R.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erin R. Wallace, PhD, is Research Consultant, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle. At the time this research was conducted, Wallace was Clinical Research Scientist, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, WA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"Werler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martha M. Werler, DSc, is Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent R.","family":"Collett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brent R. Collett, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janine Rosenberg, PhD, is Pediatric Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry and Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, Chicago, IL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Khetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary A. Khetani, ScD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences and Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Research Scientist, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. (2016). 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