{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:28:36Z","timestamp":1786692516889,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    For the first time in recent history, people worldwide have faced severe restrictions in occupations because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine the limitations on participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students during \u201clockdown\u201d and their impact on social determinants of health.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted via an online survey.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 488 occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in North America, South America, and Europe.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A questionnaire consisting of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health<\/jats:italic>\n                    and items developed to assess the impact of lockdown on daily life was emailed to occupational therapy professional associations, organizations, and universities between April and June 2020. It was available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and met all the parameters listed in the Declaration of Helsinki.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The roles and routines of people across the developed world have been affected by lockdown measures. The study shows marked differences between participants in the domains of getting along and life activities, as well as influence on the environment. Moreover, South American participants experienced these difficulties to a greater extent than European participants.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study quantifies the limitations in the participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students and the relationship of occupation to social determinants of health.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>What This Article Adds:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this research corroborate the relationship between health and occupation and highlight elements, such as the environment and context, that are important in occupational therapy. Therapists\u2019 ability to analyze occupation in relation to contextual and cultural factors will benefit clients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.049050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T13:47:03Z","timestamp":1637156823000},"page":"1224-1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Limitations on Participation and Their Relation to Social Determinants of Health Among Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Students During Coronavirus Lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Nuria Men\u00e9ndez","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuria Men\u00e9ndez \u00c1lvarez, MS, is PhD Student, Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano Diez","family":"Villoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emiliano Diez Villoria, PhD, is Associate Professor and Researcher, Instituto Universitario de Integraci\u00f3n en la Comunidad, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Est\u00edbaliz Jimenez","family":"Arberas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Est\u00edbaliz Jimenez Arberas, PhD, is Coordinator, Occupational Therapy, Facultad Padre Oss\u00f3, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda Casta\u00f1o","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ana Mar\u00eda Casta\u00f1o P\u00e9rez, PhD, is Adjunct Professor of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Le\u00f3n Garc\u00eda","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antonio Le\u00f3n Garc\u00eda Izquierdo, PhD, is Senior Lecturer in Psychology and Director, C\u00e1tedra Asturias Prevencion, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25214\/25907816.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","author":"Arenas J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arenas J., Emeric D., Am\u00e9zaga L., Bl\u00e1zquez M. 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