{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:38:38Z","timestamp":1787031518826,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Importance: Although occupational balance (OB) is a construct of importance to occupational therapy, existing OB assessments have not been validated in clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the 11-item version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) in U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design: Data were analyzed from adults with Type 1 diabetes enrolled in a larger longitudinal study examining the relationships among blood glucose, emotion, and functioning. Dimensionality of the OBQ11 was assessed with item response theory (IRT); convergent validity was tested by examining whether associations between the OBQ11 and other constructs were consistent with a priori hypotheses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting: Three outpatient clinical sites in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Participants: Data from 208 U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes were included in the analyses (42% Latino, 29% White, 14% African American, 7% multiethnic, and 8% other).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Outcomes and Measures: Assessments administered include the OBQ11, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression), and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Overall, results from IRT models and correlational tests supported the reliability and validity of the OBQ11. For instance, higher scores on the OBQ11 were significantly associated with better self-ratings of diabetes management behaviors (r = .28, p &amp;lt; .001), lower depression symptoms (r = \u2212.53, p &amp;lt; .001), and greater positive affect (r = .32, p &amp;lt; .001). A single-factor generalized partial credit model fit the OBQ11 acceptably well, supporting its unidimensionality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions and Relevance: The OBQ11 may be a reliable and valid measure of OB appropriate for use in clinical populations such as adults with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>What This Article Adds: OB is not often formally assessed by occupational therapists in the United States, even though the contributions of OB to health and well-being are core components of the philosophy of occupational therapy. The current evidence supports the validity of the OBQ11 in a clinical population of adults with Type 1 diabetes and demonstrates significant associations between OB and health management behaviors. Study results may encourage greater consideration and assessment of OB in occupational therapy clinical practice in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2023.050173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T14:10:29Z","timestamp":1692972629000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Validity and Reliability of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) in a U.S. Sample of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Raymond Hernandez, PhD, OTR\/L, is Postdoctoral Scholar, Dornsife Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; hray57024@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefan Schneider, PhD, is Senior Research Scientist, Dornsife Center for Economic & Social Research, and Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Wagman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petra Wagman, PhD, Reg OT, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carita","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carita H\u00e5kansson, PhD, Reg OT, is Senior Lecturer, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Spruijt-Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donna Spruijt-Metz, PhD, MFA, was Director of the USC mHealth Collaboratory, Dornsife Center for Economic & Social Research; Director of Responsible Conduct in Research, Keck School of Medicine; and Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, at the time of this research."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Pyatak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth A. 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