{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:29:58Z","timestamp":1786692598090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Visual function is critical to support occupational performance for persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PwP), yet it can be adversely affected by the disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the prevalence and general awareness of visual dysfunction and identify the association between visual dysfunction and occupational performance in PwP.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Self-reported cross-sectional electronic survey.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    PwP, identified from a registered database at a neurological institute, were invited to complete the survey through emails and newsletters.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The survey contained items of self-reported visual difficulties, diagnosed eye conditions, and about general awareness about disease-related visual dysfunction. Ophthalmological symptoms and occupational performance were measured with the Visual Impairment Parkinson\u2019s disease Questionnaire and the Revised Self-Reported Functional Visual Performance Scale, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Data from PwP (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 92;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 69 yr) were analyzed. Nearly half were unaware that their disease could affect vision. Awareness was not associated with disease duration. Individuals reporting awareness tended to report difficulties with vision. Functional activities requiring vision were mildly impaired, and the frequency of ophthalmologic symptoms (commonly related to ocular surface disorder) was low. Nevertheless, a higher frequency of ophthalmologic symptoms was positively associated with a higher degree of disability in activities of daily living (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1 = .49,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Visual dysfunction related to Parkinson\u2019s disease may affect occupational performance. Screening for changes in vision in these individuals may aid occupational therapists in addressing functional independence and activity engagement.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>What This Article Adds:<\/jats:bold>\n                    People with Parkinson\u2019s disease may not have a general awareness that the disease can adversely affect visual function. Those individuals with awareness tend to notice changes in vision, and this disease-related visual dysfunction may limit engagement and participation in everyday activities. Active evaluation of visual function in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease is recommended. Occupational therapists could play a key role by screening for visual dysfunction and providing patient education in the clinic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2023.050235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T11:47:18Z","timestamp":1701690438000},"page":"1097-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Visual Dysfunction and Occupational Performance in Persons With Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Tester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole J. Tester, PhD, MOT, OTR\/L, MSCS, is Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy, University of Florida Health Rehabilitation at the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung-ju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiung-ju Liu, PhD, OTR\/L, FGSA, is Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Chan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yun Chan Shin, MOT, is PhD Student, Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna Wagle","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aparna Wagle Shukla, MD, is Professor and Clinical Trial Director, Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida and University of Florida Health, Gainesville."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000103444.45882.D8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1365-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2010.495815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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