{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:30:28Z","timestamp":1786692628259,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Neurogenic bladder can negatively affect quality of life for children with incomplete spinal cord injury. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely able to provide individualized care to address this, which may include external pelvic floor biofeedback.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe the implementation of external pelvic floor biofeedback for bladder management within the context of toileting for children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Inpatient rehabilitation unit within a pediatric hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Three children with incomplete spinal cord injury were enrolled.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Intervention:<\/jats:bold>\n                    External pelvic floor biofeedback.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study used the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Daily Activities Short Form, Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Activity Measures (PEDI\u2013SCI AM) Short Forms, and voiding characteristics.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No adverse events occurred. Following biofeedback, all children improved their AM-PAC toileting scores, and PEDI\u2013SCI AM scores improved for 2 of 3 children, whereas daily catheterization requirements decreased for all children. The WeeFIM did not detect changes in bladder management for 2 of 3 children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This case report described how occupational therapy practitioners used external pelvic floor biofeedback as an adjunct conservative treatment strategy when providing care for pediatric children with recent incomplete spinal cord injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Plain-Language Summary:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Neurogenic bladder dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury can negatively affect a child\u2019s quality of life and social participation. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely able to address bladder management within the context of toileting for children with acquired incomplete spinal cord injury. A multimodal approach, which includes biofeedback, may improve the child\u2019s level of independence with toileting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2025.050792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T11:29:46Z","timestamp":1743074986000},"page":"493-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["External Pelvic Floor Biofeedback for Children With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Meredith","family":"ten Brink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meredith ten Brink, OT, OTD, OTR\/L, BCP, CBIS, CPST, CTRS, is Occupational Therapy Clinical Leader, Department of Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laura Rucki, OT, OTD, OTR\/L, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erin Gates, PT, DPT, is Evidence-Based Practice Coordinator and Physical Therapist, Department of Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Biofeedback as single first-line treatment for non-neuropathic dysfunctional voiding children with diurnal enuresis","volume":"13","author":"Alyami F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alyami F., Ewida T., Alhazmi H., Trbay M., Arafa M., Tahir M., , & Neel K. 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