{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:42:39Z","timestamp":1790271759355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Importance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The utilization of telehealth to deliver occupational therapy services and research focusing on the effectiveness of these interventions has increased since 2020.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To update systematic review findings since 2019 on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for clients of all ages.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Data Sources:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Data were gathered from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and hand searching relevant literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Study Selection and Data Collection:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles selected included telehealth-delivered occupational therapy, peer-reviewed publications in English between 2019 and 2022, and Levels 1b, 2b, or 3b evidence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Forty-three studies were included. Strong strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for lifestyle interventions to address chronic conditions. Moderate strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes to address chronic conditions, developmental disorders, neurological conditions, and people affected by COVID-19 isolation. Low strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes across identified subthemes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Telehealth use is rapidly increasing. Evidence supports occupational therapy\u2013delivered telehealth for clients experiencing a chronic or musculoskeletal condition and may support interventions for other populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Plain-Language Summary:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study provides a summary of 43 articles on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for all ages and populations from 2019 to 2022. Telehealth occupational therapy interventions can effectively support clients with chronic conditions and shows promise for promoting outcomes to address developmental disorders, neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and those who were affected by isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T13:17:55Z","timestamp":1749475075000},"page":"778-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occupational Therapy Telehealth Interventions Across Populations From 2019 to 2022: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Whitney","family":"Lucas Molitor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitney Lucas Molitor, PhD, OTD, OTR\/L, BCG, is Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of South Dakota, Vermillion;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana R.","family":"Feldhacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diana R. Feldhacker, PhD, OTD, OTR\/L, BCPR, is Chair, Program Director, and Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhaoying Li, MSc, is PhD Candidate, Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Kuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole Kuhl, OTD, OTR\/L, CBIS, is Capstone Coordinator and Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa D.","family":"Jewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanessa D. Jewell, PhD, OTR\/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681376.2023.2167608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2501-41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2014.682006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"7212410059","article-title":"Telehealth in occupational therapy","volume":"72","author":"American Occupational Therapy Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. (2018). Telehealth in occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72 (Suppl. 2), 7212410059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2018.72S219","journal-title":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020a). Guidelines for systematic reviews. https:\/\/research.aota.org\/DocumentLibrary\/AOTA_AJOT_systematic%20reviews%20instructions.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"7412410010","article-title":"Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (4th ed.)","volume":"74","author":"American Occupational Therapy Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020b). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (4th ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(Suppl. 2), 7412410010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy,"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020c). Occupational therapy telehealth decision guide. https:\/\/www.aota.org\/-\/media\/corporate\/files\/practice\/covid-19\/occupational-therapy-telehealth-decision-guide-nov2021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2021.1917654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4370712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19868905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.046508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2018.030346"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","article-title":"Telerehabilitation for people with low vision","author":"Bittner A. K.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bittner A. K., Yoshinaga P. D., Rittiphairoj T., , & Li T. (2023). Telerehabilitation for people with low vision. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011019.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.8.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011019.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2020.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683221107893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.1701178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668803.2021.1956880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). About chronic diseases. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/chronic-disease\/about\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","unstructured":"Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Musculoskeletal disease causes most disability healthcare spending in U.S. but gets less than 2% of NIH research funds. https:\/\/consultqd.clevelandclinic.org\/musculoskeletal-disease-causes-most-disability-healthcare-spending-in-u-s-but-gets-less-than-2-of-nih-research-funds"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19887265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0200-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2022.049417"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2022.045831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2020.6303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2022.102977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","volume-title":"Cochrane methods.","author":"Higgins J. P. T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higgins J. P. T., Sterne J. A. C., Savovic J., Page M. J., Hrobjartsson A., Boutron I., , \u2026 Eldridge S. (2016). A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials. In Chandler J., McKenzie J., Boutron I., , & Welch V. (Eds.), Cochrane methods. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD201601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2023.077501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-211002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2024). The Lancet Neurology: Neurological conditions now leading cause of ill health and disability globally affecting 3.4 billion people worldwide. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/news-events\/newsroom\/news-releases\/lancet-neurology-neurological-conditions-now-leading-cause-ill"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03080226211061492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X20932434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2019.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022620950993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2014). Quality assessment tool for before\u2013after (pre\u2013post) studies with no control group. https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","unstructured":"Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. (2009). Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of evidence (March 2009) . https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3734-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417421994967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.042838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00841-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.042861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01924788.2019.1691313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.046946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211061222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03080226211070477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15394492211038293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). Guidance on nondiscrimination in telehealth: Federal protections to ensure accessibility to people with disabilities and limited English proficient persons. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/civil-rights\/for-individuals\/disability\/guidance-on-nondiscrimination-in-telehealth\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2022 September 26). Medicare telehealth: Actions needed to strengthen oversight and help providers educate patients on privacy and security risks. https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-22-104454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","unstructured":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2018). Grade definitions. https:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/uspstf\/about-uspstf\/methods-and-processes\/grade-definitions"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Effectiveness of tele rehabilitation on manual dexterity and its impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Voola S. I.","year":"2020","unstructured":"*Voola S. I., , & Hema S. (2020). Effectiveness of tele rehabilitation on manual dexterity and its impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A pilot study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 14, 186\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/ijpot.v14i2.2643","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2022.763001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). WHO-ITU global standard for accessibility of telehealth services. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240050464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316355"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/research.aota.org\/ajot\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939\/93367\/7904205160.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:09:37Z","timestamp":1786691377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2025.050939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-7676","1943-7676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-7676","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}