{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:31:29Z","timestamp":1786692689955,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Motor planning<\/jats:italic>\n                      refers to the ability to anticipate actions and predict motor outcomes before execution. Deficits in motor planning, rather than just execution, contribute to activity limitations in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). However, the differences in motor planning between the two hands of children with unilateral CP in unimanual and bimanual conditions remain underexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the differences in motor planning skills between the less affected and more affected hands of children with unilateral CP and both hands of age-matched typically developing (TD) children across unimanual, bimanual symmetric, asymmetric, and functional tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty children with unilateral CP and 20 age-matched TD children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motor planning task performance was assessed using the end-state comfort (ESC) effect, measured by cup\u2013bottle tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with unilateral CP demonstrated lower motor planning ability in their more affected hand compared with their less affected hand. Significant ESC differences were found across task conditions for children with CP, with the best performance observed in functional bimanual tasks. Additionally, the less affected hand demonstrated poorer motor planning in symmetrical tasks, possibly influenced by the performance of the more affected hand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights differences in motor planning ability between the hands of children with unilateral CP, emphasizing the impact of task type and hand dominance. Functional bimanual tasks improved motor planning, underscoring their value in interventions. Future assessments and training should address both hands and incorporate functional tasks to enhance motor planning in children with unilateral CP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2026.051320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1769698973000},"page":"214-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motor Planning in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Effects of Task Context and Hand-Specific Interference"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kai-Jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kai-Jie Liang, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tong-Yu Chen, MS, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiao-Yu Yang, MS, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hao-Ling Chen, PhD, is Professor, School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien-Ni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kai-Jie Liang, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 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