{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:27:07Z","timestamp":1786692427062,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postamputation pain remains a barrier to return to function. Occupational therapy practitioners often include pain neuroscience education (PNE) to support occupational engagement and health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess perspectives about PNE for postamputation pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted cognitive interviews in which participants viewed PNE videos that are part of a novel graded motor imagery (GMI) mobile application for pain treatment. The videos were designed to prepare for an occupation-based rehabilitation approach. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using rapid-turnaround methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health care institution, telehealth format.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven Veterans (10 males and 1 female), ages 40\u201375 yr, with unilateral transtibial amputation \u22651 yr, and with moderate or severe phantom limb pain, completed the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed amputation-specific PNE in the form of five recorded videos with images and minimal printed words: (1) First Steps Toward Pain Treatment, (2) Why GMI?, (3) Postamputation Pain Education, (4) Toolbox of Strategies, and (5) Your Nervous System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive interviews to measure the Veterans\u2019 perceptions of the educational content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three themes were identified: (1) Veterans are willing to try GMI but have mixed opinions on whether it is worth the effort; (2) information about postamputation pain is comforting, but perceptions of when best to receive that information differ; and (3) the educational content is understandable and relatable with respect to lived experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PNE provides a shared understanding and can be a promising tool for occupational therapy practitioners to help Veterans manage pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2026.051449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:59:42Z","timestamp":1774299582000},"page":"445-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pain Neuroscience Education for Postamputation Pain and Functioning: Testing Embedded Education in a Mobile App for Occupational Therapy Pain Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Tonya L.","family":"Rich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tonya L. Rich, PhD, MA, BS, OTR\/L, TPS, is Research Occupational Therapist, Rehabilitation and Extended Care, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, and Assistant Professor, Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharyn G.","family":"Cristan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katharyn G. Cristan, MPH, BA, is Health Science Specialist, Research Department, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Marth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lindsay Marth, MA, BS, OTR\/L, BCPR, BCB, is Chief of Outpatient Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Extended Care, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Princess E.","family":"Ackland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess E. Ackland, PhD, MSPH, LP, is Research Psychologist, Health Services Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, and Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2311-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449220973950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2024.2398141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574418761984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guest G. Bunce A. & Johnson L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods 18 59\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525822X05279903","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oti.1396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.02.0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2019.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S502541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Pain neuroscience education: Teaching people about pain.","author":"Louw A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Louw A., Puentedura E., Schmidt S., , & Zimney K. (2018). Pain neuroscience education: Teaching people about pain. Orthopedic Physical Therapy Products."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-105089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.11833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DMD2025-1021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S390658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs & U.S. Department of Defense. 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