{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:00:45Z","timestamp":1785157245119,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Holistic patient care and the scientific research method are two important aspects of occupational therapy. Bird T. Baldwin contributed to the formulation of these tenets at the beginning of this century. Baldwin, a psychologist by training, became the director of the occupational therapy department at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, DC, during World War I. In his department, functional rehabilitation was achieved via scientifically analyzed purposeful activities. He believed that purposeful activity was superior to exercise. Activity choice was based on physical, vocational, social, and emotional considerations. True to his scientific approach, Baldwin designed and adapted devices to provide standardized treatment protocols. Because Bird T. Baldwin\u2019s approach to rehabilitation remains of value today, a review of his work is relevant to the occupational therapy community.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]],"date-time":"2012-04-16T12:01:58Z","timestamp":1334577718000},"page":"257-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bird T. Baldwin: A Holistic Scientist in Occupational Therapy\u2019s History"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Wish-Baratz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Susanne Wish-Baratz, MS, OTR\/L, is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Anatomy, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. (Mailing address: Shimoni 10, Neve Oz, Petach Tikva 49-215, Israel.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/research.aota.org\/ajot\/article-pdf\/43\/4\/257\/54184\/257.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:10:37Z","timestamp":1785154237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.43.4.257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-7676","1943-7676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-7676","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}}}