{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1785157532721,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The growth of computer keyboard use in the workplace is believed to be one important determinant of the increased prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity (MSD-UE). One possible contributing factor to the development of MSD-UE is the flat standard keyboard, which places the forearm and wrist in biomechanically awkward postures. This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of three alternative keyboard designs, adjustable slope (AS), split fixed-angle (FA), and adjustable open-tented (AT), in reducing forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation. Analyses of pooled effect size from six studies indicated that the AT had a large effect on pronation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.85) and ulnar deviation whereas the FA had a large effect only on ulnar deviation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.79). The AS was found to have a large effect (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.66) on wrist extension. The FA had a moderate effect on pronation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.33) and wrist extension (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.30). None of these keyboards were found to have a significant effect on all three postures. This meta-analysis has implications for clinicians by providing objective information that may assist with the selection of an alternative keyboard that best reduces an identified problematic posture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T14:22:03Z","timestamp":1318515723000},"page":"40-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Three Alternative Keyboard Designs on Forearm Pronation, Wrist Extension, and Ulnar Deviation: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy A. Baker, ScD, OTR\/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 5023 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Cidboy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erin L. Cidboy, MS, OTR\/L, is Research Associate, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/research.aota.org\/ajot\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/40\/61313\/40.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:37:10Z","timestamp":1785155830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.60.1.40","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-7676","1943-7676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-7676","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}