{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1787702751460,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Rambam Health Corporation","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rambam Maimonides Med J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment with biological agents has become standard of care in treatment of immune-mediated diseases (IMD), including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Yet, a significant proportion of patients experience loss of response to biologics, need treatment escalation, or develop side effects. During the past decade, new biologic agents with different targeted molecular pathways have been approved for treatment of IMD, introducing the possibility of concomitant dual biologic therapy. The role of dual biologic therapy targeting different inflammatory pathways has become an area of great interest in the field of IMD, addressing the unmet clinical need of patients with refractory diseases and treatment of comorbidities, such as osteoporosis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. Despite the increasing use of biologics as a dual therapy across different indications, there is a paucity of data concerning the safety of the simultaneous use of more than one biological agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the use of dual biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, addressing the potential adverse effects associated with combination therapy, and highlighting future directions in the use of this novel therapeutic modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5041\/rmmj.10494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T11:00:51Z","timestamp":1682852451000},"page":"e0007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dual Biologic Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.5041","volume":"14","author":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Furer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Elkayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2983","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update","volume":"82","author":"Smolen","year":"2023","unstructured":"1. Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Bergstra SA, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2023;82:3-18.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217159","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update","volume":"79","author":"Gossec","year":"2020","unstructured":"2. Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update. 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