{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1780232439637,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Disaster Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Determine relative effectiveness of two dry air decontamination methods to reduce residual airborne surrogate biological agent on litter-bound manikin patients during disrobing.Design: Fluorescent 1 \u03bcm polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres were applied as a biological agent surrogate to a litter-bound manikin dressed in cold weather outer gear (parka and snow pants) representing the contaminated patient. Two dry air personal decontamination treatments were compared to that involving no decontamination.Setting: Cold region mass casualty biological aerosol contamination event.Participants: A litter-bound manikin.Interventions: Two treatments were applied independently; high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered vacuum, and air-knife decontamination were compared to that involving no decontamination. After contaminating the manikin, a treatment was applied and the manikin disrobed. The disrobing process created the highest risk of re-aerosolization of the PSL spheres surrogate biological agent which could be inhaled by the attending medical personnel or thepatient. Main outcome measures: Aerosolized PSL sphere quantification was sampled in the breathing zone of medical personnel and analyzed with ultraviolet microscopy.Results: Analysis of variance revealed that treatment means of log-transformed data differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001). Tukey\u2019s Honestly Significant Difference test revealed a significant difference only between air-knife decontamination and no decontamination (p &lt; 0.05). The HEPA vacuum reduced airborne contamination by 71 percent compared to no decontamination (not significantly different), while the airknife reduced it by 91 percent (significantly different), after background correction.Conclusions: Considering ease of use and significant significance, air-knife decontamination was superior to HEPA vacuum in reducing airborne inhalational risk to attending medical personnel when disrobing the manikin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/ajdm.0518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T12:17:37Z","timestamp":1780143457000},"page":"21-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residual biological surrogate aerosol risk reduction during disrobing litter-bound manikin patients using two dry air treatments for cold regions"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Clayton","family":"Garner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrah","family":"Sleeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Slagley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley","family":"Shoaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faina","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Skipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaiven","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"100839","unstructured":"Garamone J: General says deterring two \u2018near peer\u2019 competitors is complex. 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