{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T20:57:55Z","timestamp":1761339475952,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building community capacity for outbreak preparedness requires understanding modifiable factors that encourage individuals to act. The current study assesses three key interrelationships with likelihood to prepare for a future outbreak: perceived importance of preparation, perceived ability to prepare, and preferred sources of outbreak information.\r\nThe study used data from a 2023 online panel survey of adults living in the United States with 4,184 responses weighted to reflect national demographics. Perceived importance of outbreak preparedness, perceived ability to prepare, and likelihood to take actions in a future outbreak were estimated using composite measures derived from survey questions. Preferred sources of outbreak information were measured by subtracting the number of more \u201cinformal sources sought,\u201d eg, social media, friends, and family, selected from the number of \u201cformal sources sought,\u201d eg, governmental websites.\r\nDirect effects linear regression models identified that a greater perception of importance and ability were each associated with a greater likelihood to prepare, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and household income (p &lt; 0.001). Likewise, a greater preference for more formal information sources was also associated with more future outbreak preparedness actions taken (p &lt; 0.001). The relationship between perceived importance and perceived ability on the likelihood of preparing differed based on information source preferences (p &lt; 0.05). For those with low perceived importance or ability to prepare and a stronger preference for informal information sources, their likelihood of preparing for a future outbreak is significantly lower than for those with formal information source preferences; however, as perceived importance or ability to prepare increases, this gap is closed.\r\nResults suggest that perceptions of self-efficacy, including ability and importance, are critical to preparing for a future outbreak and that information sources also play an important role. These results highlight that if we can build the perceived importance of and remove barriers to preparation, we can increase outbreak preparedness actions regardless of which information sources are most trusted by individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jem.0964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T20:54:20Z","timestamp":1761339260000},"page":"613-619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of outbreak preparedness perceptions and preferred sources of information on perceptions of future outbreak readiness"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibiana","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blayne","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo Kay","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"98068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fauci AS, Folkers GK: Pandemic preparedness and response: Lessons from COVID-19. J Infect Dis. 2023; 228(4): 422-425.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad095"},{"key":"98069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levac J, Toal-Sullivan D, OSullivan TL: Household emergency preparedness: A literature review. J Community Health. 2012; 37: 725-733.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9488-x"},{"key":"98070","unstructured":"Kohler K, Hauri A, Roth F, et al.: Measuring Individual Disaster Preparedness. Zurich: ETH, 2020."},{"key":"98071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy ST, Cody M, Frank LB, et al.: Predictors of emergency preparedness and compliance. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009; 3(2): 1-10.","DOI":"10.1097\/DMP.0b013e318196a6b9"},{"key":"98072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bristol N, Marcozzi D: Pandemic and all-hazards preparedness act. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2007; 1(1): 9-10.","DOI":"10.1097\/DMP.0b013e318067dbd8"},{"key":"98073","unstructured":"Perry RW, Lindell MK, Tierney KJ: Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2001."},{"key":"98074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savoia E, Lin L, Viswanath K: Communications in public health emergency preparedness: A systematic review of the literature. Biosecur Bioterror. 2013; 11(3): 170-184.","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0038"},{"key":"98075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston KA, Taylor M, Ryan B: Emergency management communication: The paradox of the positive in public communication for preparedness. Public Relat Rev. 2020; 46(2): 101903.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2020.101903"},{"key":"98076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamboni LM, Martin EG: Association of US households\u2019 disaster preparedness with socioeconomic characteristics, composition, and region. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(4): e206881.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6881"},{"key":"98077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paek H-J, Hilyard K, Freimuth V, et al.: Theory-based approaches to understanding public emergency preparedness: Implications for effective health and risk communication. J Health Commun. 2010; 15(4): 428-444.","DOI":"10.1080\/10810731003753083"},{"key":"98078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abunyewah M, Gajendran T, Maund K: Conceptual framework for motivating actions towards disaster preparedness through risk communication. Procedia Eng. 2018; 212: 246-253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2018.01.032"},{"key":"98079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merchant RM, Lurie N: Social media and emergency preparedness in response to novel coronavirus. JAMA. 2020; 323(20): 2011-2012.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4469"},{"key":"98080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rochwerg B, Parke R, Murthy S, et al.: Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: How knowledge emerges from noise. Crit Care Explor. 2020; 2(4): e0098.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000098"},{"key":"98081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirschenbaum AA, Rapaport C, Canetti D: The impact of information sources on earthquake preparedness. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2017; 21: 99-109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2016.10.018"},{"key":"98082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan MT, Rohrbeck CA, Wirtz PW: The importance of self-efficacy in parental emergency preparedness: A moderated mediation model. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018; 12(3): 345-351.","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2017.80"},{"key":"98083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers CJ, Forster M, Bahr K, et al.: A cross-sectional study using health behavior theory to predict rapid compliance with campus emergency notifications among college students. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021; 15(2): 198-207.","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2019.153"},{"key":"98084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown GD, Largey A, McMullan C: The influence of expertise on perceived and actual household disaster preparedness. Prog Disaster Sci. 2021; 9: 100150.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2021.100150"},{"key":"98085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu S, Zhou J, Tang L, et al.: The impact of risk communication, trust, and coping appraisal on individual preparedness decisions in geological hazard-prone areas. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2024; 100: 104166.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.104166"},{"key":"98086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avery EJ, Kim M, Park S: Self-efficacy and other considerations in performance of risk-reducing behaviors during a major disease outbreak. J Health Commun. 2021; 26(2): 112-120.","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2020.1821131"},{"key":"98087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fumey RA: Understanding Public Emergency Preparedness Before and During the Coronavirus Outbreak: Implications for Effective Public Health and Risk Communication [electronic theses and dissertations]. Paper 3832. 2022. DOI: 10.18297\/etd\/3832.","DOI":"10.18297\/etd\/3832"},{"key":"98088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang J-S, Chen C-L, Lin C-H, et al.: Exploring teachers\u2019 risk perception, self-efficacy and disease prevention measures during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Taiwan. J Infect Public Health. 2021; 14(3): 358-364.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.12.021"},{"key":"98089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourque LB: Demographic characteristics, sources of information, and preparedness for earthquakes in California. Earthq Spectra. 2015; 31(4): 1909-1930.","DOI":"10.1193\/013014EQS024M"}],"container-title":["Journal of Emergency Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jem\/article\/download\/3927\/4209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jem\/article\/download\/3927\/4209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T20:54:30Z","timestamp":1761339270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jem\/article\/view\/3927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jem.0964","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-5865","1543-5865"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-5865","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1543-5865","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}