{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:39:08Z","timestamp":1787031548503,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the dual role of citizen interpreters in addressing emergency language gaps during crises, combining social capital theory and crisis ethics. Through comparative case studies of coronavirus disease 2019 responses in Montreal\u2019s multilingual communities and Hurricane Ida relief efforts within Louisiana\u2019s Haitian\u2013Cajun networks, this research identifies three core tensions: the paradox of relational proximity, trade-offs between immediacy and accuracy in terminology translation, and challenges in scaling informal volunteer networks. The study introduces a hybrid quality control model integrating three components: (1) rapid crisis terminology training to bridge institutional\u2013lay knowledge gaps, (2) peer review circles for contextual meaning-making, eg, negotiating \u201cheat exhaustion\u201d in Punjabi dialects, and (3) institutional mentorship to resolve ethical dilemmas, eg, disclosing shelter capacities without triggering trauma. By operationalizing Putnam\u2019s bridging\/bonding capital and Bourdieu\u2019s cultural capital, the model reconciles grassroots agility with professional accountability, demonstrating that citizen interpreters\u2019 cultural embeddedness\u2014when systematically supported\u2014can transform emergency language services into participatory practices of language justice. Findings highlight the need for crisis communication frameworks that prioritize both interpretive accuracy and community trust, offering theoretical insights into the sociology of translation and practical guidelines for disaster preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jem.0966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T18:31:52Z","timestamp":1769625112000},"page":"737-751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Citizen interpreters in crisis response: Social capital, ethical trade-offs, and hybrid quality control in emergency language services\u2014A comparative analysis of volunteer-led practices in COVID-19 pandemic and climate disasters"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8983-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"98475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris JE: Timely epidemic monitoring in the presence of reporting delays: Anticipating the COVID-19 surge in New York City. 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