{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:16:53Z","timestamp":1792289813703,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate opioid use trajectories among a sample of 10,138 Medicaid patients receiving one of six index surgeries: lumbar spine, total knee arthroplasty, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, colon resection, and tonsillectomy.\r\nDesign: Retrospective cohort.\r\nSetting: Administrative claims data.\r\nPatients and participants: Patients, aged 13 years and older, with 15-month continuous Medicaid eligibility surrounding index surgery, were selected from single-state Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data for surgeries performed between 2014 and 2017.\r\nInterventions: None.\r\nMain outcome measures: Baseline comorbidities and presurgery opioid use were assessed in the 6 months prior to admission, and patients' opioid use was followed for 9 months post-discharge. Generalized linear model with log link and Poisson distribution was used to determine risk of chronic opioid use for all risk factors. Group-based trajectory models identified groups of patients with similar opioid use trajectories over the 15-month study period.\r\nResults: More than one in three (37.7 percent) patients were post-surgery chronic opioid users, defined as the dichotomous outcome of filling an opioid prescription 90 or more days after surgery. Key variables associated with chronic post-surgery opioid use include presurgery opioid use, 30-day post-surgery opioid use, and comorbidities. Latent trajectory modeling grouped patients into six distinct opioid use trajectories. Associates of trajectory group membership are reported. \r\nConclusions: Findings support the importance of surgeons setting realistic patient expectations for post-surgical opioid use, as well as the importance of coordination of post-surgical care among patients failing to fully taper off opioids within 1-3 months of surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.0832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T15:07:31Z","timestamp":1704726451000},"page":"465-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surgical prescription opioid trajectories among state Medicaid enrollees"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna L.","family":"McCauley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Taber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Basco, Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulugeta","family":"Gebregziabher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Reitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Cina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Lockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"87835","unstructured":"Ahmad FB, Rossen LM, Sutton P: Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2021."},{"key":"87836","unstructured":"Commission on Combatting Synthetic Opioid Trafficking: Final report. Available at http:\/\/www.rand.org\/hsrd\/hsoac\/commission-combating-synthetic-opioid-trafficking. Accessed July 20, 2022."},{"key":"87837","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): National Center for Health Statistics: Wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER). Available at http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov. Accessed July 20, 2022."},{"key":"87838","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): Overdose death rates. Trends and statistics. Available at https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/drug-topics\/trends-statistics\/overdose-death-rates. Accessed July 20, 2022."},{"key":"87839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Shah A, Gunaseelan V, et al.: New persistent opioid use after surgery in patients with a history of remote opioid use. Surgery. 2021; DOI: 10.1016\/j.surg.2021.11.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.11.008"},{"key":"87840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guy GP Jr, Zhang K: Opioid prescribing by specialty and volume in the US. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 55(5): E153-E155. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.06.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.06.008"},{"key":"87841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hah JM, Bateman BT, Ratliff J, et al.: Chronic opioid use after surgery: Implications for perioperative management in the face of the opioid epidemic. Anesth Analg. 2017; 125(5): 1733-1740. DOI: 10.1213\/ane.0000000000002458.","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002458"},{"key":"87842","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waljee JF, Li L, Brummett CM, et al.: Iatrogenic opioid dependence in the United States: Are surgeons the gatekeepers? Ann Surg. 2017; 265(4): 728-730. DOI: 10.1097\/sla.0000000000001904.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001904"},{"key":"87843","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavoie-Gagne O, Nwachukwu BU, Allen AA, et al.: Factors predictive of prolonged postoperative narcotic usage following orthopaedic surgery. JBJS Rev. 2020; 8(6): E0154. DOI: 10.2106\/jbjs.Rvw.19.00154.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00154"},{"key":"87844","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li MM, Ocay DD, Teles AR, et al.: Acute postoperative opioid consumption trajectories and long-term outcomes in pediatric patients after spine surgery. J Pain Res. 2019; 12: 1673-1684. DOI: 10.2147\/jpr.S191183.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S191183"},{"key":"87845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo YT, Lim-Watson M, Seo Y, et al.: Long-term opioid prescriptions after spine surgery: A meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. World Neurosurg. 2020; 141: e894-e920. DOI: 10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.081.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.081"},{"key":"87846","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brummett CM, Waljee JF, Goesling J, et al.: New persistent opioid use after minor and major surgical procedures in US adults. JAMA Surg. 2017; 152(6): e170504. DOI: 10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504"},{"key":"87847","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyal A, Payne S, Sangaralingham LR, et al.: Incidence and risk factors for prolonged postoperative opioid use following lumbar spine surgery: A cohort study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021; 1-9. DOI: 10.3171\/2021.2.Spine202205.","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.2.SPINE202205"},{"key":"87848","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orfield NJ, Gaddis A, Russell KB, et al.: New long-term opioid prescription-filling behavior arising in the 15 months after orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg. 2020; 102(4): 332-339. DOI: 10.2106\/jbjs.19.00241.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00241"},{"key":"87849","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santosa KB, Hu HM, Brummett CM, et al.: New persistent opioid use among older patients following surgery: A Medicare claims analysis. Surgery. 2020; 167(4): 732-742. DOI: 10.1016\/j.surg.2019.04.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.04.016"},{"key":"87850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedard NA, Pugely AJ, Dowdle SB, et al.: Opioid use following total hip arthroplasty: Trends and risk factors for prolonged use. J Arthroplasty. 2017; 32(12): 3675-3679. DOI: 10.1016\/j.arth.2017.08.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.08.010"},{"key":"87851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzman C, Harker EC, Ahmed R, et al.: The association between preoperative opioid exposure and prolonged postoperative use. Ann Surg. 2021; 274(5): e410-e416. DOI: 10.1097\/sla.0000000000003723.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003723"},{"key":"87852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Politzer CS, Kildow BJ, Goltz DE, et al.: Trends in opioid utilization before and after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2018; 33(7s): S147-S153.e1. DOI: 10.1016\/j.arth.2017.10.060.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.10.060"},{"key":"87853","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayman EO, Parekh KR, Keech J, et al.: A prospective study of chronic pain after thoracic surgery. Anesthesiology. 2017; 126(5): 938-951. DOI: 10.1097\/aln.0000000000001576.","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001576"},{"key":"87854","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu CW, Page MG, Weinrib A, et al.: Predictors of one year chronic post-surgical pain trajectories following thoracic surgery. J Anesth. 2021; 35(4): 505-514. DOI: 10.1007\/s00540-021-02943-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-021-02943-7"},{"key":"87855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh JA, Lemay CA, Nobel L, et al.: Association of early postoperative pain trajectories with longer-term pain outcome after primary total knee arthroplasty. JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2(11): e1915105. DOI: 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.15105.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.15105"},{"key":"87856","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basco WT Jr, Ward RC, Taber DJ, et al.: Patterns of dispensed opioids after tonsillectomy in children and adolescents in South Carolina, United States, 2010-2017. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021; 143: 110636. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110636.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110636"},{"key":"87857","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cina RA, Ward RC, Basco WT, et al.: Incidence and patterns of persistent opioid use in children following appendectomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2022; 57(12): 912-919. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.04.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.04.019"},{"key":"87858","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockett MA, Ward RC, McCauley JL, et al.: New chronic opioid use in Medicaid patients following cholecystectomy. Surg Open Sci. 2022; 9: 101-108. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sopen.2022.05.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2022.05.009"},{"key":"87859","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward A, Jani T, De Souza E, et al.: Prediction of prolonged opioid use after surgery in adolescents: Insights from machine learning. Anesth Analg. 2021; 133(2): 304-313. DOI: 10.1213\/ane.0000000000005527.","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005527"},{"key":"87860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikhaeil J, Ayoo K, Clarke H, et al.; Review of the transitional pain service as a method of postoperative opioid weaning and a service aimed at minimizing the risk of chronic postsurgical pain. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2020; 52(2): 148-153. DOI: 10.5114\/ait.2020.96018.","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2020.96018"},{"key":"87861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al.: Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005; 43(11): 1130-1139.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"87862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones BL, Nagin DS: Advances in group-based trajectory modeling and an SAS procedure for estimating them. Sociol Methods Res. 2007; 35(4): 542-571.","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124106292364"},{"key":"87863","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagin D: Group-Based Modeling of Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318"},{"key":"87864","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagin DS, Odgers CL: Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010; 6: 109-138.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413"},{"key":"87865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King P, Stone A, Arentz E, et al.: Opioid use patterns after total joint arthroplasty. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2020; 29(1): 13-17.","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2020.0013"},{"key":"87866","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawal OD, Gold J, Murthy A, et al.: Rate and risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(6): e207367. DOI: 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7367.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7367"},{"key":"87867","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoof LH, Mahure SA, Feng JE, et al.: The effects of patient point of entry and medicaid status on postoperative opioid consumption and pain after primary total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022; 11. DOI: 10.5435\/jaaos-d-21-01057.","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-21-01057"},{"key":"87868","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone ML, LaPar DJ, Mulloy DP, et al.: Primary payer status is significantly associated with postoperative mortality, morbidity, and hospital resource utilization in pediatric surgical patients within the United States. J Pediatr Surg. 2013; 48(1): 81-87. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.021"},{"key":"87869","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catchpool M, Knight J, Young JT, et al.: Opioid use prior to elective surgery is strongly associated with persistent use following surgery: An analysis of 14 354 Medicare patients. ANZ J Surg. 2019; 89(11): 1410-1416. DOI: 10.1111\/ans.15492.","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15492"},{"key":"87870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun EC, Darnall BD, Baker LC, et al.: Incidence of and risk factors for chronic opioid use among opioid-naive patients in the postoperative period. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; 176(9): 1286- 1293. DOI: 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3298.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3298"},{"key":"87871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson A, Milne B, Jamali N, et al.: Chronic opioid use after joint replacement surgery in seniors is associated with increased healthcare utilization and costs: A historical cohort study [Association entre la consommation chronique d'opio\u00efdes apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de remplacement articulaire chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et une augmentation de l'utilisation et des co\u00fbts des soins de sant\u00e9: Une \u00e9tude de cohorte historique]. Can J Anaesth. 2022. DOI: 10.1007\/s12630-022-02240-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-022-02240-1"},{"key":"87872","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Featherall J, Anderson JT, Anderson LA, et al.: A multidisciplinary transitional pain management program is associated with reduced opioid dependence after primary total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2022; 16. DOI: 10.1016\/j.arth.2022.02.032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.02.032"},{"key":"87873","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin BC, Fan MY, Edlund MJ, et al.: Long-term chronic opioid therapy discontinuation rates from the TROUP study. J Gen Intern Med. 2011; 26(12): 1450-1457. DOI: 10.1007\/s11606-011-1771-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1771-0"},{"key":"87874","unstructured":"Lanzillotta-Rangeley J, Clark A, Christianson A, et al.: Association of prescription opioid exposure and patient factors with prolonged postoperative opioid use in opioid-na\u00efve patients. Aana J. 2020; 88(1): 18-26."},{"key":"87875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Salkar M, Bentley JP, et al.: Patterns of long-term prescription opioid use among older adults in the United States: A study of Medicare administrative claims data. Pain Physician. 2021; 24(1): 31-40.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2021.24.31-40"},{"key":"87876","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain N, Phillips FM, Malik AT, et al.: Preoperative opioid weaning before major spinal fusion: Simulated data, real-world insights. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021; 46(2): 80-86. DOI: 10.1097\/brs.0000000000003744.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003744"},{"key":"87877","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen LC, Sing DC, Bozic KJ: Preoperative reduction of opioid use before total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2016; 31(9 Suppl.): 282-287. DOI: 10.1016\/j.arth.2016.01.068.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.01.068"}],"container-title":["Journal of Opioid Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3552\/3843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3552\/3843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T15:07:52Z","timestamp":1704726472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/view\/3552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jom.0832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7489","1551-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7489","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]}}}