{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T13:59:37Z","timestamp":1782568777645,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The United States (US) opioid epidemic is a continued burden on the healthcare system and on the lives of individuals affected by the consequences of opioid abuse\/misuse. The objective of this study was to use real-world data from intentional abuse\/misuse exposures managed by US poison centers to compare clinical outcomes and quantify healthcare costs among three study cohorts: exposures that involved Xtampza ER\u00ae, other oxycodone extended-release (ER), and oxycodone immediate-release (IR).\r\nStudy design: A real-world, observational study.\r\nMain outcome measures: Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient and exposure characteristics. Drug utilization-adjusted rates of intentional abuse\/misuse and clinical outcomes were used to determine relative risk. Healthcare cost estimates were calculated by extrapolating average charge per opioid-related disorder emergency department (ED) visit and per inpatient stay based upon case disposition rates, adjusted for population and drug utilization.\r\nResults: Compared to Xtampza ER, exposures that involved other oxycodone ER were 7.4 times more likely to be intentional abuse\/misuse, 25.9 times more likely to result in major effect or death, 9.7 times more likely to require a visit to the ED, and 14.3 times more likely to result in hospital admission. Similar results were found for oxycodone IR when compared to Xtampza ER.\r\nConclusions: This study is the first of its kind to synthesize clinical outcomes with opioid-related healthcare costs, suggesting that even when Xtampza ER is abused\/misused, the rates of major effect\/death, ED visits, and hospital admissions were significantly lower than those for other oxycodone-containing medications, resulting in relatively low downstream opioid-related healthcare costs.\r\n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.0878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T18:35:59Z","timestamp":1727289359000},"page":"281-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Opioid-related clinical outcomes and associated healthcare costs following abuse\/misuse of oxycodone formulations: A HEOR analysis from real-world data"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-6400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jody L.","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2942-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn","family":"Dailey-Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1794-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Vosburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"91335","unstructured":"Joint Economic Committee Democrats: The economic toll of the opioid crisis reached nearly $1.5 trillion in 2020. 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/67bced7f-4232-40ea-9263-f033d280c567\/jec-cost-ofopioids-issue-brief.pdf. Accessed July 10, 2024."},{"key":"91336","unstructured":"Davenport S, Weaver A, Caverly M: Economic impact of non-medical opioid use in the United States, annual estimates and projections for 2015 through 2019. Society of Actuaries. 2019. Available at https:\/\/www.soa.org\/globalassets\/assets\/files\/resources\/research-report\/2019\/econ-impact-non-medicalopioid-use.pdf. Accessed July 10, 2024."},{"key":"91337","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology (DOSE) System: Nonfatal Overdose Emergency Department and Inpatient Hospitalization Discharge Data. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services\/CDC, 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/data-research\/facts-stats\/dose-dashboardnonfatal-discharge-data.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/nonfatal\/dose\/discharge\/dashboard\/index.html. Accessed July 10, 2024."},{"key":"91338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer MR, Mini\u00f1o AM, Warner M: Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2001\u20132021. In NCHS Data Brief No. 457. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2022. DOI: 10.15620\/cdc:122556. Accessed July 10, 2024.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:122556"},{"key":"91339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al.: CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain\u2014United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022; 71(RR-3): 1-95. DOI: 10.15585\/MMWR.RR7103A1.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"91340","unstructured":"United States Food and Drug Administration CDER: Abuse deterrent opioids\u2014Evaluation and labeling, guidance for industry. 2015. Available at https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidances\/UCM334743.pdf. Accessed November 16, 2023."},{"key":"91341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green JL, Bucher Bartelson B, Le Lait MC, et al.: Medical outcomes associated with prescription opioid abuse via oral and non-oral routes of administration. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017; 175: 140-145. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.039.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.039"},{"key":"91342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coplan P, Kale H, Sandstrom L, et al.: Changes in oxycodone and heroin exposures in the national poison data system after introduction of extended-release oxycodone with abuse-deterrent characteristics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013; 22(12): 1274-1282.","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3522"},{"key":"91343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severtson S, Bartelson B, Davis J, et al.: Reduced abuse, therapeutic errors, and diversion following reformulation of extended-release oxycodone in 2010. J Pain. 2013; 14(10): 1122-1130.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.04.011"},{"key":"91344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severtson SG, Kreider SED, Amioka EC, et al.: Post-marketing analysis of misuse, abuse, and diversion of Xtampza ER. Pain Med. 2020; 21(12): 3660-3668. DOI: 10.1093\/pm\/pnaa272.","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa272"},{"key":"91345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler S, Cassidy T, Chilcoat H, et al.: Abuse rates and routes of administration of reformulated extended-release oxycodone: Initial findings from a sentinel surveillance sample of individuals assessed for substance abuse treatment. J Pain. 2013; 14(4): 351-358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.08.008"},{"key":"91346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green JL, Robbins RS, Dailey-Govoni T, et al.: Nonmedical use of Xtampza\u00ae ER and other oxycodone medications in adults evaluated for substance abuse treatment: Real-world data from the addiction severity Index-Multimedia version (ASI-MV\u00ae). J Pain Res. 2021; 14: 1773-1783. DOI: 10.2147\/JPR.S304805.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S304805"},{"key":"91347","unstructured":"Petrilla A, Marrett E, Shen X, et al.: Association between formulary coverage and use of abuse-deterrent prescription opioids, risk for abuse or overdose, and associated healthcare resource utilization. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2020; 13(1): 21-31."},{"key":"91348","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration: Determination that the oxycontin (oxycodone hydrochloride) drug products covered by the new drug application 20-553 were withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. Fed Regist. 2013; 78(75): 23273-23275."},{"key":"91349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olatoke O, Zah V, Stanicic F, et al.: A US retrospective claims analysis comparing healthcare costs of patients transitioning from immediate-release oxycodone to two different formulations of extended-release oxycodone: Xtampza ER or OxyContin. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2022; 14: 119-128. DOI: 10.2147\/CEOR.S340290.","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S340290"},{"key":"91350","unstructured":"American Poison Centers: Available at https:\/\/www.aapcc.org\/national-poison-data-system. Accessed November 16, 2023."},{"key":"91351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, et al.: 2021 annual report of the national poison data system\u00a9 (NPDS) from America's Poison Centers: 39th annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2022; 60(12): 1381-1643. DOI: 10.1080\/15563650.2022.2132768.","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2132768"},{"key":"91352","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration: FDA analysis of long-term trends in prescription opioid analgesic products: Quantity, sales, and price trends. 2018. Available at www.fda.gov\/media\/111695\/download. Accessed November 28, 2023."}],"container-title":["Journal of Opioid Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3680\/3967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3680\/3967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T18:36:26Z","timestamp":1727289386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/view\/3680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jom.0878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7489","1551-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7489","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}