{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:48:57Z","timestamp":1788922137471,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To examine associations between race, comorbidity, opioid and nonopioid treatment burden, and socioeconomic status (SES) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).\r\nDesign: A case\u2013control study.\r\nSetting: Tertiary academic system.\r\nParticipants: A total of 4,193 subjects with CLBP and 4,193 age-, sex-, race-, and region-matched subjects with nonchronic low back pain participated in this study. \r\nMain outcome measure(s): The primary outcome measures were prescription frequencies of opioid and nonopioid medications as well as nonpharmaceutical interventions. Secondary measures pertained to the prevalence of comorbidities, race, and SES traits.\r\nResults: The median age of the subjects was 55.50 years, with 61.75 percent female distribution, 48.84 percent Black or African American, 30.65 percent White non-Hispanic, and 15.93 percent non-White Hispanic or Latino among the subjects. Black or African American and non-White Hispanic or Latino identity was associated with higher hardship compared to patients identifying as White non-Hispanic (Tukey\u2013Kramer adjusted p-value &lt; 0.0001). Opioid use was significantly higher in the CLBP group (Cochran\u2013Armitage trend test p-value &lt; 0.0001), and there was a significant positive trend between the number of comorbidities and opioids used. As hardship index group (HIG) increased by 1, the expected number of comorbidities increased by a factor of 1.09 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.11), and the expected number of treatments increased by a factor of 1.07 (95 percent CI: 1.04-1.09). Physical therapy and spine procedures had a significant negative relationship with hardship.\r\nConclusions: Higher opioid prescribing behavior, particularly for morphine, hydrocodone, and tramadol, exists in patients with CLBP, especially in patients facing hardship and identifying as Black or African American and non-White Hispanic or Latino. Further prospective studies are needed to strengthen causality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.0914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T03:37:13Z","timestamp":1751600233000},"page":"223-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discrepancies in opioid prescription and comorbidity burden in chronic low back pain: The impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boss","family":"Povieng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvyn Hernandez","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3697-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Opioid Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3873\/4158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3873\/4158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T03:37:13Z","timestamp":1751600233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/view\/3873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jom.0914","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7489","1551-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7489","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}}}