{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T13:07:31Z","timestamp":1767272851522,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To determine the influence of various opioid analgesics on the incidence of post-operative delirium (POD) by analyzing all available, relevant literature. \r\nDesign: A database search containing keywords assessing opioids and POD was performed in Embase, Web of Science, and MEDLINE-PubMed. Retrieved studies were screened via Rayyan, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for associations between opioid analgesia and POD were extracted, with two-sided p-values &lt; 0.05 being deemed significant.\r\nResults: A total of 7,700 patients were analyzed, of which 1,703 developed POD, indicating an incidence of 22.1 percent. Random effects meta-analysis based on 95 percent confidence intervals reveals that opioid use (OR 1.15, 1.09-1.22, p &lt; 0.001), specifically with meperidine (OR 3.36, 1.36-8.32, p &lt; 0.009) or morphine (OR 1.42, 1.29-1.57, p &lt; 0.001), is associated with increased incidence of POD. Furthermore, both perioperative (OR 1.10, 1.04-1.16, p &lt; 0.001) and post-operative opioid administration (OR 1.92, 1.25-2.95, p &lt; 0.003) were also associated with increased risk of POD.\r\nConclusion: Opioid analgesics were associated with higher incidences of POD. Not all opioids increased the incidence of delirium. Elderly and renally impaired patient populations were at higher risk for developing opioid-related POD. Careful selection and judicious utilization of opioid analgesics may reduce the incidence of POD and ultimately the burden on the healthcare system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.0959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T13:05:34Z","timestamp":1767272734000},"page":"551-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of opioid analgesics in the development of post-operative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Will S.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan P.","family":"Chernicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Reidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0750-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Delladio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4816-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre P.","family":"Ouanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0529-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsun Yee","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Opioid Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3951\/4235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/3951\/4235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T13:05:34Z","timestamp":1767272734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/view\/3951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jom.0959","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7489","1551-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7489","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}