{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:10:33Z","timestamp":1790539833395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rate of drug delivery to the central nervous system is believed to be an important predictor of the reinforcing strength of a drug. However, only a few studies have directly examined the relationship between drug-taking behavior and rate of drug administration. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether manipulating the infusion rate of a fixed dose of opioid alters its reinforcing effectiveness in humans. Twelve heroin-dependent participants (11 male, one female) completed the 2.5-week inpatient study. During test days, participants received $20 and a dose of drug (0 or 40 mg oxycodone administered intravenously over 2, 15, 30, 60, or 90 minutes) in random order during a morning sample session. Participants then worked for the sampled dose and\/or money amount during an afternoon choice session by making finger presses on a computer mouse. Under these conditions, 40 mg oxycodone served as a reinforcer only when it was delivered over 2 and 15 minutes. Subjective ratings of drug liking, good effect, and high were similar to the self-administration results. Peak plasma levels of oxycodone generally occurred at the end of each infusion, eg, 2 minutes for the 2-minute infusion duration. Extended-release opioid medications are commonly prescribed for treating pain. The present results provide empirical support for the development of extended-release opioid medications that are difficult to convert into more rapid-acting forms. Specifically, these \u201cabuse-deterrent formulations\u201d could prevent patients from tampering with their medications to enhance their euphoric and reinforcing effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2009.0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T16:09:29Z","timestamp":1517587769000},"page":"203-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Relationship between rate of infusion and reinforcing strength of oxycodone in humans"],"prefix":"10.5055","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sandra D.","family":"Comer, PhD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy B.","family":"Ashworth, MD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Sullivan, MD, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Vosburg, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip A.","family":"Saccone, BS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Foltin, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3008","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"container-title":["Journal of Opioid Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/940\/950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/download\/940\/950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T19:07:09Z","timestamp":1682968029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wmpllc.org\/ojs\/index.php\/jom\/article\/view\/940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5055\/jom.2009.0022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7489","1551-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7489","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}}}